γίγνομαι
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- γίνομαι (gínomai) – Ionic, Koine
- γίνυμαι (gínumai) – Thessalian
- γίνιουμαι (gínioumai) – Boeotian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *ǵíǵnh₁-, the reduplicated present stem of *ǵenh₁-. Cognate to Latin gignō.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ɡí.ɡno.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈɡi.ɡno.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɣi.ɣno.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈʝi.ɣno.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈʝi.ɣno.me/
Verb
γίγνομαι • (gígnomai)
- to come into being
- (of people) to be born
- (of things) to be produced
- (of events) to take place
- (of people) to be born
- (followed by a predicate) to become
- (aorist participle) having ceased to be: former, ex-
- ὁ γενόμενος στρατηγός
- ho genómenos stratēgós
- the ex-general
- (present participle) something that is due (of payments); regular, normal, usual
Inflection
Present: γίγνομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | γίγνομαι | γίγνῃ, γίγνει |
γίγνεται | γίγνεσθον | γίγνεσθον | γιγνόμεθᾰ | γίγνεσθε | γίγνονται | ||||
subjunctive | γίγνωμαι | γίγνῃ | γίγνηται | γίγνησθον | γίγνησθον | γιγνώμεθᾰ | γίγνησθε | γίγνωνται | |||||
optative | γιγνοίμην | γίγνοιο | γίγνοιτο | γίγνοισθον | γιγνοίσθην | γιγνοίμεθᾰ | γίγνοισθε | γίγνοιντο | |||||
imperative | γίγνου | γιγνέσθω | γίγνεσθον | γιγνέσθων | γίγνεσθε | γιγνέσθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | γίγνεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | γιγνόμενος | |||||||||||
f | γιγνομένη | ||||||||||||
n | γιγνόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἐγιγνόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐγιγνόμην | ἐγίγνου | ἐγίγνετο | ἐγίγνεσθον | ἐγιγνέσθην | ἐγιγνόμεθᾰ | ἐγίγνεσθε | ἐγίγνοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | γιγνόμην | γίγνου | γίγνετο | γίγνεσθον | γιγνέσθην | γιγνόμε(σ)θᾰ | γίγνεσθε | γίγνοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | γενήσομαι | γενήσῃ, γενήσει |
γενήσεται | γενήσεσθον | γενήσεσθον | γενησόμεθᾰ | γενήσεσθε | γενήσονται | ||||
optative | γενησοίμην | γενήσοιο | γενήσοιτο | γενήσοισθον | γενησοίσθην | γενησοίμεθᾰ | γενήσοισθε | γενήσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | γενηθήσομαι | γενηθήσῃ | γενηθήσεται | γενηθήσεσθον | γενηθήσεσθον | γενηθησόμεθᾰ | γενηθήσεσθε | γενηθήσονται | ||||
optative | γενηθησοίμην | γενηθήσοιο | γενηθήσοιτο | γενηθήσοισθον | γενηθησοίσθην | γενηθησοίμεθᾰ | γενηθήσοισθε | γενηθήσοιντο | |||||
middle | passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | γενήσεσθαι | γενηθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | γενησόμενος | γενηθησόμενος | ||||||||||
f | γενησομένη | γενηθησομένη | |||||||||||
n | γενησόμενον | γενηθησόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | ἐγενόμην | ἐγένου | ἐγένετο | ἐγένεσθον | ἐγενέσθην | ἐγενόμεθᾰ | ἐγένεσθε | ἐγένοντο | ||||
subjunctive | γένωμαι | γένῃ | γένηται | γένησθον | γένησθον | γενώμεθᾰ | γένησθε | γένωνται | |||||
optative | γενοίμην | γένοιο | γένοιτο | γένοισθον | γενοίσθην | γενοίμεθᾰ | γένοισθε | γένοιντο | |||||
imperative | γενοῦ | γενέσθω | γένεσθον | γενέσθων | γένεσθε | γενέσθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐγενήθην | ἐγενήθης | ἐγενήθη | ἐγενήθητον | ἐγενηθήτην | ἐγενήθημεν | ἐγενήθητε | ἐγενήθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | γενηθῶ | γενηθῇς | γενηθῇ | γενηθῆτον | γενηθῆτον | γενηθῶμεν | γενηθῆτε | γενηθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | γενηθείην | γενηθείης | γενηθείη | γενηθεῖτον, γενηθείητον |
γενηθείτην, γενηθειήτην |
γενηθεῖμεν, γενηθείημεν |
γενηθεῖτε, γενηθείητε |
γενηθεῖεν, γενηθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | γενήθητῐ | γενηθήτω | γενήθητον | γενηθήτων | γενήθητε | γενηθέντων | |||||||
middle | passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | γενέσθαι | γενηθῆναι | |||||||||||
participle | m | γενόμενος | γενηθείς | ||||||||||
f | γενομένη | γενηθεῖσᾰ | |||||||||||
n | γενόμενον | γενηθέν | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | γενόμην | γένεο | γένετο | γένεσθον | γενέσθην | γενόμε(σ)θᾰ | γένεσθε | γένοντο | ||||
passive | indicative | γενήθην | γενήθης | γενήθη | γενήθητον | γενηθήτην | γενήθημεν | γενήθητε | γενήθησᾰν, γένηθεν | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | γέγονᾰ | γέγονᾰς | γέγονε(ν) | γεγόνᾰτον | γεγόνᾰτον | γεγόνᾰμεν | γεγόνᾰτε | γεγόνᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | γεγόνω | γεγόνῃς | γεγόνῃ | γεγόνητον | γεγόνητον | γεγόνωμεν | γεγόνητε | γεγόνωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | γεγόνοιμῐ, γεγονοίην |
γεγόνοις, γεγονοίης |
γεγόνοι, γεγονοίη |
γεγόνοιτον | γεγονοίτην | γεγόνοιμεν | γεγόνοιτε | γεγόνοιεν | |||||
imperative | γέγονε | γεγονέτω | γεγόνετον | γεγονέτων | γεγόνετε | γεγονόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | γεγένημαι | γεγένησαι | γεγένηται | γεγένησθον | γεγένησθον | γεγενήμεθᾰ | γεγένησθε | γεγένηνται | ||||
subjunctive | γεγενημένος ὦ | γεγενημένος ᾖς | γεγενημένος ᾖ | γεγενημένω ἦτον | γεγενημένω ἦτον | γεγενημένοι ὦμεν | γεγενημένοι ἦτε | γεγενημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | γεγενημένος εἴην | γεγενημένος εἴης | γεγενημένος εἴη | γεγενημένοι εἴητον/εἶτον | γεγενημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | γεγενημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | γεγενημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | γεγενημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | γεγένησο | γεγενήσθω | γεγένησθον | γεγενήσθων | γεγένησθε | γεγενήσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | γεγονέναι | γεγενῆσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | γεγονώς | γεγενημένος | ||||||||||
f | γεγονυῖᾰ | γεγενημένη | |||||||||||
n | γεγονός | γεγενημένον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ἐγεγόνειν, ἐγεγενήμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἐγεγόνειν, ἐγεγόνη |
ἐγεγόνεις, ἐγεγόνης |
ἐγεγόνει(ν) | ἐγεγόνετον | ἐγεγονέτην | ἐγεγόνεμεν | ἐγεγόνετε | ἐγεγόνεσᾰν | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐγεγενήμην | ἐγεγένησο | ἐγεγένητο | ἐγεγένησθον | ἐγεγενήσθην | ἐγεγενήμεθᾰ | ἐγεγένησθε | ἐγεγένηντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Related terms
References
- γίγνομαι in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- γίγνομαι in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- γίγνομαι in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- γίγνομαι in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G1096 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
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