κεράτιον

Ancient Greek

FWOTD – 19 April 2015

Etymology

From κέρᾰς (kéras, “horn”) +‎ -ῐον (-ion, diminutive suffix). The sense of “carob“ stems from a Semitic loan and later mingled with the “hornlet” word, compare Arabic قَرَظ‎ (qaraẓ, “acacia”), Classical Syriac ܩܸܪܲܛܵܐ‎ (qerraṭṭā, “acacia; carob”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ke.rǎː.ti.on/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kɛˈra.ti.on/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /keˈra.ti.on/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ceˈra.ti.on/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ceˈra.ti.on/

Noun

κερᾱ́τῐον • (kerā́tion) n (genitive κερᾱτῐ́ου); second declension

small horn
1. (zoology) antenna of the cerambycid or of the hermit crab
2. (in the plural) curved ends of the womb
3. (music) a musical instrument (perhaps a fife or clarionet)
carat, 1/1728 of a pound (clarification of this definition is needed)
a Byzantine coin of a certain value (clarification of this definition is needed)
carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua
fruit of the carob

Declension

Second declension of τὸ κερᾱ́τῐον; τοῦ κερᾱτῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κερᾱ́τῐον tò kerā́tion	τὼ κερᾱτῐ́ω tṑ kerātíō	τᾰ̀ κερᾱ́τῐᾰ tà kerā́tia
Genitive	τοῦ κερᾱτῐ́ου toû kerātíou	τοῖν κερᾱτῐ́οιν toîn kerātíoin	τῶν κερᾱτῐ́ων tôn kerātíōn
Dative	τῷ κερᾱτῐ́ῳ tôi kerātíōi	τοῖν κερᾱτῐ́οιν toîn kerātíoin	τοῖς κερᾱτῐ́οις toîs kerātíois
Accusative	τὸ κερᾱ́τῐον tò kerā́tion	τὼ κερᾱτῐ́ω tṑ kerātíō	τᾰ̀ κερᾱ́τῐᾰ tà kerā́tia
Vocative	κερᾱ́τῐον kerā́tion	κερᾱτῐ́ω kerātíō	κερᾱ́τῐᾰ kerā́tia
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

(carob, Ceratonia siliqua): κερᾱτωνῐ́ᾱ (kerātōníā), κερωνῐ́ᾱ (kerōníā), κερᾱτέᾱ (kerātéā), κερᾱτῐ́ᾱ (kerātíā)
(carob fruit): κερᾱ́τῐᾰ (kerā́tia)

Descendants

→ Arabic: قِيرَاط‎ (qīrāṭ)
- → Amharic: ቂራጥ (ḳiraṭ)
- → Ge'ez: ቂራጥ (ḳiraṭ)
- → Italian: carato
  - → Middle French: carat
    - → English: carat
- → Portuguese: quirate, quilate (later)
- → Spanish: quirate, quilate (later)
→ Aramaic:
Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: קרט‎

Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: קִירָטָא‎ (qīrāṭā)

Classical Syriac: ܩܱܪܛܳܐ‎ (qarṭā)
→ Hebrew: קָרָט‎ (qārāṭ)
(4) → Coptic: ϭⲁⲣⲁⲧⲉ (carate) (Sahidic)
→ Latin: cerātium

References

κεράτιον in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
κεράτιον in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
κεράτιον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
G2769 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
κεράτιον in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 200–201

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