σφύζω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- σφύσδω (sphúsdō) – Doric
Etymology
Unknown. In form and meaning, the verb resembles σφαδᾴζω (sphadā́izō, “to toss the body about, to struggle”) and σπεύδω (speúdō, “to urge, to hasten”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /spʰýz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈspʰy.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈsɸy.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈsfy.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈsfi.zo/
Inflection
Present: σφύζω, σφύζομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σφύζω | σφύζεις | σφύζει | σφύζετον | σφύζετον | σφύζομεν | σφύζετε | σφύζουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | σφύζω | σφύζῃς | σφύζῃ | σφύζητον | σφύζητον | σφύζωμεν | σφύζητε | σφύζωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | σφύζοιμῐ | σφύζοις | σφύζοι | σφύζοιτον | σφυζοίτην | σφύζοιμεν | σφύζοιτε | σφύζοιεν | |||||
imperative | σφῦζε | σφυζέτω | σφύζετον | σφυζέτων | σφύζετε | σφυζόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | σφύζομαι | σφύζῃ, σφύζει |
σφύζεται | σφύζεσθον | σφύζεσθον | σφυζόμεθᾰ | σφύζεσθε | σφύζονται | ||||
subjunctive | σφύζωμαι | σφύζῃ | σφύζηται | σφύζησθον | σφύζησθον | σφυζώμεθᾰ | σφύζησθε | σφύζωνται | |||||
optative | σφυζοίμην | σφύζοιο | σφύζοιτο | σφύζοισθον | σφυζοίσθην | σφυζοίμεθᾰ | σφύζοισθε | σφύζοιντο | |||||
imperative | σφύζου | σφυζέσθω | σφύζεσθον | σφυζέσθων | σφύζεσθε | σφυζέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | σφύζειν | σφύζεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | σφύζων | σφυζόμενος | ||||||||||
f | σφύζουσᾰ | σφυζομένη | |||||||||||
n | σφῦζον | σφυζόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἔσφυζον, ἐσφυζόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔσφυζον | ἔσφυζες | ἔσφυζε(ν) | ἐσφύζετον | ἐσφυζέτην | ἐσφύζομεν | ἐσφύζετε | ἔσφυζον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐσφυζόμην | ἐσφύζου | ἐσφύζετο | ἐσφύζεσθον | ἐσφυζέσθην | ἐσφυζόμεθᾰ | ἐσφύζεσθε | ἐσφύζοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: σφύξω, σφύξομαι, σφυχθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | σφύξω | σφύξεις | σφύξει | σφύξετον | σφύξετον | σφύξομεν | σφύξετε | σφύξουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | σφύξοιμῐ | σφύξοις | σφύξοι | σφύξοιτον | σφυξοίτην | σφύξοιμεν | σφύξοιτε | σφύξοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | σφύξομαι | σφύξῃ, σφύξει |
σφύξεται | σφύξεσθον | σφύξεσθον | σφυξόμεθᾰ | σφύξεσθε | σφύξονται | ||||
optative | σφυξοίμην | σφύξοιο | σφύξοιτο | σφύξοισθον | σφυξοίσθην | σφυξοίμεθᾰ | σφύξοισθε | σφύξοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | σφυχθήσομαι | σφυχθήσῃ | σφυχθήσεται | σφυχθήσεσθον | σφυχθήσεσθον | σφυχθησόμεθᾰ | σφυχθήσεσθε | σφυχθήσονται | ||||
optative | σφυχθησοίμην | σφυχθήσοιο | σφυχθήσοιτο | σφυχθήσοισθον | σφυχθησοίσθην | σφυχθησοίμεθᾰ | σφυχθήσοισθε | σφυχθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | σφύξειν | σφύξεσθαι | σφυχθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | σφύξων | σφυξόμενος | σφυχθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | σφύξουσᾰ | σφυξομένη | σφυχθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | σφῦξον | σφυξόμενον | σφυχθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἔσφυξᾰ, ἐσφυξᾰ́μην, ἐσφύχθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔσφυξᾰ | ἔσφυξᾰς | ἔσφυξε(ν) | ἐσφύξᾰτον | ἐσφυξᾰ́την | ἐσφύξᾰμεν | ἐσφύξᾰτε | ἔσφυξᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | σφύξω | σφύξῃς | σφύξῃ | σφύξητον | σφύξητον | σφύξωμεν | σφύξητε | σφύξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | σφύξαιμῐ | σφύξειᾰς, σφύξαις |
σφύξειε(ν), σφύξαι |
σφύξαιτον | σφυξαίτην | σφύξαιμεν | σφύξαιτε | σφύξειᾰν, σφύξαιεν | |||||
imperative | σφῦξον | σφυξᾰ́τω | σφύξᾰτον | σφυξᾰ́των | σφύξᾰτε | σφυξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἐσφυξᾰ́μην | ἐσφύξω | ἐσφύξᾰτο | ἐσφύξᾰσθον | ἐσφυξᾰ́σθην | ἐσφυξᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἐσφύξᾰσθε | ἐσφύξᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | σφύξωμαι | σφύξῃ | σφύξηται | σφύξησθον | σφύξησθον | σφυξώμεθᾰ | σφύξησθε | σφύξωνται | |||||
optative | σφυξαίμην | σφύξαιο | σφύξαιτο | σφύξαισθον | σφυξαίσθην | σφυξαίμεθᾰ | σφύξαισθε | σφύξαιντο | |||||
imperative | σφῦξαι | σφυξᾰ́σθω | σφύξᾰσθον | σφυξᾰ́σθων | σφύξᾰσθε | σφυξᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἐσφύχθην | ἐσφύχθης | ἐσφύχθη | ἐσφύχθητον | ἐσφυχθήτην | ἐσφύχθημεν | ἐσφύχθητε | ἐσφύχθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | σφυχθῶ | σφυχθῇς | σφυχθῇ | σφυχθῆτον | σφυχθῆτον | σφυχθῶμεν | σφυχθῆτε | σφυχθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | σφυχθείην | σφυχθείης | σφυχθείη | σφυχθεῖτον, σφυχθείητον |
σφυχθείτην, σφυχθειήτην |
σφυχθεῖμεν, σφυχθείημεν |
σφυχθεῖτε, σφυχθείητε |
σφυχθεῖεν, σφυχθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | σφύχθητῐ | σφυχθήτω | σφύχθητον | σφυχθήτων | σφύχθητε | σφυχθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | σφῦξαι | σφύξᾰσθαι | σφυχθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | σφύξᾱς | σφυξᾰ́μενος | σφυχθείς | |||||||||
f | σφύξᾱσᾰ | σφυξᾰμένη | σφυχθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | σφῦξᾰν | σφυξᾰ́μενον | σφυχθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Further reading
- σφύζω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σφύζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
Greek
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsfi.zo/
- Hyphenation: σφύ‧ζω
Verb
σφύζω • (sfýzo) (simple past έσφυζα) found only in the imperfective tenses
Conjugation
σφύζω (active forms only imperfective)
Active voice ➤ — Imperfective aspect ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Present ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Future ➤ | |
1 sg | σφύζω | έσφυζα | θα σφύζω | |
2 sg | σφύζεις | έσφυζες | θα σφύζεις | |
3 sg | σφύζει | έσφυζε | θα σφύζει | |
1 pl | σφύζουμε, [‑ομε] | σφύζαμε | θα σφύζουμε, [‑ομε] | |
2 pl | σφύζετε | σφύζατε | θα σφύζετε | |
3 pl | σφύζουν(ε) | έσφυζαν, σφύζαν(ε) | θα σφύζουν(ε) | |
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present tense from above with a particle (να, ας, όταν, …). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | 2 sg | 2 pl | ||
Imperfective aspect | σφύζε | σφύζετε | ||
Other forms | Present participle ➤ | |||
σφύζοντας ➤ | ||||
Notes | • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
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