τρέχω
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- τράχω (trákhō) – Doric
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to run”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tré.kʰɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtrɛ.kʰo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈtre.xo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈtre.xo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈtre.xo/
Verb
τρέχω • (trékhō)
Inflection
The verb is suppleted with forms from δρᾰμοῦμαι (dramoûmai), for the future and aorist (from *δρέμω). The synonym θέω (théō) also is suppleted by the same forms.
Present: τρέχω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | τρέχω | τρέχεις | τρέχει | τρέχετον | τρέχετον | τρέχομεν | τρέχετε | τρέχουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | τρέχω | τρέχῃς | τρέχῃ | τρέχητον | τρέχητον | τρέχωμεν | τρέχητε | τρέχωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | τρέχοιμῐ | τρέχοις | τρέχοι | τρέχοιτον | τρεχοίτην | τρέχοιμεν | τρέχοιτε | τρέχοιεν | |||||
imperative | τρέχε | τρεχέτω | τρέχετον | τρεχέτων | τρέχετε | τρεχόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | τρέχειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | τρέχων | |||||||||||
f | τρέχουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | τρέχον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἔτρεχον
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔτρεχον | ἔτρεχες | ἔτρεχε(ν) | ἐτρέχετον | ἐτρεχέτην | ἐτρέχομεν | ἐτρέχετε | ἔτρεχον | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: θρέξομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | θρέξομαι | θρέξῃ, θρέξει |
θρέξεται | θρέξεσθον | θρέξεσθον | θρεξόμεθᾰ | θρέξεσθε | θρέξονται | ||||
optative | θρεξοίμην | θρέξοιο | θρέξοιτο | θρέξοισθον | θρεξοίσθην | θρεξοίμεθᾰ | θρέξοισθε | θρέξοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | θρέξεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | θρεξόμενος | |||||||||||
f | θρεξομένη | ||||||||||||
n | θρεξόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: δρᾰμέομαι (Uncontracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | δρᾰμέομαι | δρᾰμέῃ, δρᾰμέει |
δρᾰμέεται | δρᾰμέεσθον | δρᾰμέεσθον | δρᾰμεόμεθᾰ | δρᾰμέεσθε | δρᾰμέονται | ||||
optative | δρᾰμεοίμην | δρᾰμέοιο | δρᾰμέοιτο | δρᾰμέοισθον | δρᾰμεοίσθην | δρᾰμεοίμεθᾰ | δρᾰμέοισθε | δρᾰμέοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | δρᾰμέεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | δρᾰμεόμενος | |||||||||||
f | δρᾰμεομένη | ||||||||||||
n | δρᾰμεόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: δρᾰμοῦμαι (Contracted)
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | δρᾰμοῦμαι | δρᾰμῇ | δρᾰμεῖται | δρᾰμεῖσθον | δρᾰμεῖσθον | δρᾰμούμεθᾰ | δρᾰμεῖσθε | δρᾰμοῦνται | ||||
optative | δρᾰμοίμην | δρᾰμοῖο | δρᾰμοῖτο | δρᾰμοῖσθον | δρᾰμοίσθην | δρᾰμοίμεθᾰ | δρᾰμοῖσθε | δρᾰμοῖντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | δρᾰμεῖσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | δρᾰμούμενος | |||||||||||
f | δρᾰμουμένη | ||||||||||||
n | δρᾰμούμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἔθρεξᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔθρεξᾰ | ἔθρεξᾰς | ἔθρεξε(ν) | ἐθρέξᾰτον | ἐθρεξᾰ́την | ἐθρέξᾰμεν | ἐθρέξᾰτε | ἔθρεξᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | θρέξω | θρέξῃς | θρέξῃ | θρέξητον | θρέξητον | θρέξωμεν | θρέξητε | θρέξωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | θρέξαιμῐ | θρέξειᾰς, θρέξαις |
θρέξειε(ν), θρέξαι |
θρέξαιτον | θρεξαίτην | θρέξαιμεν | θρέξαιτε | θρέξειᾰν, θρέξαιεν | |||||
imperative | θρέξον | θρεξᾰ́τω | θρέξᾰτον | θρεξᾰ́των | θρέξᾰτε | θρεξᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | θρέξαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | θρέξᾱς | |||||||||||
f | θρέξᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | θρέξᾰν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἔδρᾰμον
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔδρᾰμον | ἔδρᾰμες | ἔδρᾰμε(ν) | ἐδρᾰ́μετον | ἐδρᾰμέτην | ἐδρᾰ́μομεν | ἐδρᾰ́μετε | ἔδρᾰμον | ||||
subjunctive | δρᾰ́μω | δρᾰ́μῃς | δρᾰ́μῃ | δρᾰ́μητον | δρᾰ́μητον | δρᾰ́μωμεν | δρᾰ́μητε | δρᾰ́μωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | δρᾰ́μοιμῐ | δρᾰ́μοις | δρᾰ́μοι | δρᾰ́μοιτον | δρᾰμοίτην | δρᾰ́μοιμεν | δρᾰ́μοιτε | δρᾰ́μοιεν | |||||
imperative | δρᾰ́με | δρᾰμέτω | δρᾰ́μετον | δρᾰμέτων | δρᾰ́μετε | δρᾰμόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | δρᾰμεῖν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | δρᾰμών | |||||||||||
f | δρᾰμοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | δρᾰμόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: δεδρᾰ́μηκᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | δεδρᾰ́μηκᾰ | δεδρᾰ́μηκᾰς | δεδρᾰ́μηκε(ν) | δεδρᾰμήκᾰτον | δεδρᾰμήκᾰτον | δεδρᾰμήκᾰμεν | δεδρᾰμήκᾰτε | δεδρᾰμήκᾱσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | δεδρᾰμήκω | δεδρᾰμήκῃς | δεδρᾰμήκῃ | δεδρᾰμήκητον | δεδρᾰμήκητον | δεδρᾰμήκωμεν | δεδρᾰμήκητε | δεδρᾰμήκωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | δεδρᾰμήκοιμῐ, δεδρᾰμηκοίην |
δεδρᾰμήκοις, δεδρᾰμηκοίης |
δεδρᾰμήκοι, δεδρᾰμηκοίη |
δεδρᾰμήκοιτον | δεδρᾰμηκοίτην | δεδρᾰμήκοιμεν | δεδρᾰμήκοιτε | δεδρᾰμήκοιεν | |||||
imperative | δεδρᾰ́μηκε | δεδρᾰμηκέτω | δεδρᾰμήκετον | δεδρᾰμηκέτων | δεδρᾰμήκετε | δεδρᾰμηκόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | δεδρᾰμηκέναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | δεδρᾰμηκώς | |||||||||||
f | δεδρᾰμηκυῖᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | δεδρᾰμηκός | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Related terms
- δρόμος (drómos) (related to the suppletive aorist root)
- τροχή (trokhḗ)
Further reading
- τρέχω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- τρέχω in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- τρέχω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- τρέχω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- τρέχω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- τρέχω in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5143 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
Greek
Etymology
Inherited from Ancient Greek τρέχω (trékhō), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰregʰ- (“to run”).
Verb
τρέχω • (trécho) (simple past έτρεξα, passive —)
- run, move quickly, sprint
- Έτρεξα για να προλάβω το τρένο. ― Étrexa gia na prolávo to tréno. ― I ran to catch the train.
- flee, run away
- flow, flow from, run
- Τρέχει η μύτη μου. ― Tréchei i mýti mou. ― My nose runs.
- Το ποτάμι τρέχει ― To potámi tréchei ― The river flows.
- run, execute (a computer or computer program)
- Θα μπορούμε να τρέχουμε προγράμματα Windows.
- Tha boroúme na tréchoume prográmmata Windows.
- We shall be able to run Windows programs.
Conjugation
τρέχω (defective verb: active forms only and passive perfect participles)
Active voice ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
1 sg | τρέχω | τρέξω | ||
2 sg | τρέχεις | τρέξεις | ||
3 sg | τρέχει | τρέξει | ||
1 pl | τρέχουμε, [‑ομε] | τρέξουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
2 pl | τρέχετε | τρέξετε | ||
3 pl | τρέχουν(ε) | τρέξουν(ε) | ||
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
1 sg | έτρεχα | έτρεξα | ||
2 sg | έτρεχες | έτρεξες | ||
3 sg | έτρεχε | έτρεξε | ||
1 pl | τρέχαμε | τρέξαμε | ||
2 pl | τρέχατε | τρέξατε | ||
3 pl | έτρεχαν, τρέχαν(ε) | έτρεξαν, τρέξαν(ε) | ||
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
1 sg | θα τρέχω ➤ | θα τρέξω ➤ | ||
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα τρέχεις, … | θα τρέξεις, … | ||
Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … τρέξει | |||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … τρέξει | |||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … τρέξει | |||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
2 sg | τρέχε | τρέξε, τρέχα | ||
2 pl | τρέχετε | τρέξτε, τρεχάτε | ||
Other forms | ||||
Active present participle ➤ | τρέχοντας1 ➤ | |||
Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας τρέξει ➤ | |||
Passive perfect particple ➤ | τρεχούμενος, -η, -ο, τρεχάμενος, -η, -ο ➤ | |||
Nonfinite form ➤ | τρέξει | |||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Also formal present participle ο τρέχων, η τρέχουσα, το τρέχον (“currently in effect”). • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
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