φίλος

See also: φῖλος and -φιλος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bʰil- (“decent, good, harmonious, friendly”), related to Old English bile- (“kind, suitable, appropriate”, prefix), German billig (“appropriate, fitting, inexpensive, cheap”), Dutch billijk (“appropriate”)

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pʰí.los/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpʰi.los/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɸi.los/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.los/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈfi.los/

Adjective

φῐ́λος • (phílos) m (feminine φῐ́λη, neuter φῐ́λον); first/second declension

That which is loved or important: beloved, dear
(less commonly): loving, friendly

Inflection

First and second declension of φῐ́λος; φῐ́λη; φῐ́λον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	φῐ́λος phílos	φῐ́λη phílē	φῐ́λον phílon	φῐ́λω phílō	φῐ́λᾱ phílā	φῐ́λω phílō	φῐ́λοι phíloi	φῐ́λαι phílai	φῐ́λᾰ phíla
Genitive	φῐ́λου phílou	φῐ́λης phílēs	φῐ́λου phílou	φῐ́λοιν phíloin	φῐ́λαιν phílain	φῐ́λοιν phíloin	φῐ́λων phílōn	φῐ́λων phílōn	φῐ́λων phílōn
Dative	φῐ́λῳ phílōi	φῐ́λῃ phílēi	φῐ́λῳ phílōi	φῐ́λοιν phíloin	φῐ́λαιν phílain	φῐ́λοιν phíloin	φῐ́λοις phílois	φῐ́λαις phílais	φῐ́λοις phílois
Accusative	φῐ́λον phílon	φῐ́λην phílēn	φῐ́λον phílon	φῐ́λω phílō	φῐ́λᾱ phílā	φῐ́λω phílō	φῐ́λους phílous	φῐ́λᾱς phílās	φῐ́λᾰ phíla
Vocative	φῐ́λε phíle	φῐ́λη phílē	φῐ́λον phílon	φῐ́λω phílō	φῐ́λᾱ phílā	φῐ́λω phílō	φῐ́λοι phíloi	φῐ́λαι phílai	φῐ́λᾰ phíla
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	φῐ́λως phílōs			φῐλώτερος philṓteros			φῐλώτᾰτος philṓtatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Ἀντίφιλος (Antíphilos)
Θεόφιλος (Theóphilos)
Σώφιλος (Sṓphilos)
φῐλέω (philéō)
φῐλία (philía)
Φίλιππος (Phílippos)
Φιλοίτιος (Philoítios)
Φιλοκλῆς (Philoklês)
Φιλοκράτης (Philokrátēs)
Φιλοκτήτης (Philoktḗtēs)
Φιλομήλη (Philomḗlē)
Φιλοπαθώ (Philopathṓ)
φιλοπόλεμος (philopólemos)
φιλόπονος (philóponos)
Φιλόστρατος (Philóstratos)
φῐλότης (philótēs)
φιλότιμος (philótimos)
φίλως (phílōs)

Descendants

Latin: -phila

Noun

φῐ́λος • (phílos) m (genitive φῐ́λου); second declension

friend

Declension

Second declension of ὁ φῐ́λος; τοῦ φῐ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ φῐ́λος ho phílos	τὼ φῐ́λω tṑ phílō	οἱ φῐ́λοι hoi phíloi
Genitive	τοῦ φῐ́λου toû phílou	τοῖν φῐ́λοιν toîn phíloin	τῶν φῐ́λων tôn phílōn
Dative	τῷ φῐ́λῳ tôi phílōi	τοῖν φῐ́λοιν toîn phíloin	τοῖς φῐ́λοις toîs phílois
Accusative	τὸν φῐ́λον tòn phílon	τὼ φῐ́λω tṑ phílō	τοὺς φῐ́λους toùs phílous
Vocative	φῐ́λε phíle	φῐ́λω phílō	φῐ́λοι phíloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

References

φίλος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
φίλος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
φίλος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
φίλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
φίλος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
φίλος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G5384 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- acceptable idem, page 5.
- adherent idem, page 11.
- adorable idem, page 13.
- agreeable idem, page 19.
- beloved idem, page 73.
- cheering idem, page 129.
- cherished idem, page 129.
- dear idem, page 198.
- endearing idem, page 272.
- favourable idem, page 311.
- friend idem, page 345.
- friendly idem, page 345.
- glad idem, page 360.
- gracious idem, page 368.
- joyful idem, page 464.
- kind idem, page 469.
- loved idem, page 502.
- loving idem, page 502.
- pleasant idem, page 619.
- precious idem, page 634.
- propitious idem, page 653.
- sweet idem, page 848.
- tender idem, page 861.
- valued idem, page 943.
- welcome idem, page 973.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek φίλος (phílos)

Noun

φίλος • (fílos) m (plural φίλοι, feminine φίλη)

Declension

declension of φίλος

	singular	plural
nominative	φίλος •	φίλοι •
genitive	φίλου •	φίλων •
accusative	φίλο •	φίλους •
vocative	φίλε •	φίλοι •

Related terms

-φιλος (-filos)
φίλαθλος m (fílathlos, “sports fan”)
φιλικός (filikós, “friendly”)
φιλικά (filiká, “in a friendly manner”, adverb)
φιλικό n (filikó, “friendly match”)
φιλοξενία f (filoxenía, “hospitality”)
φιλόξενος (filóxenos, “hospitable”)
φιλοξενούμενος (filoxenoúmenos, “hospitable”)

Adjective

φίλος • (fílos) m (feminine φίλη, neuter φίλο)

friendly
dear
beloved (obsolete, literary)

Declension

declension of φίλος

number case / gender	singular			plural
number case / gender	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	φίλος	φίλη	φίλο	φίλοι	φίλες	φίλα
genitive	φίλου	φίλης	φίλου	φίλων	φίλων	φίλων
accusative	φίλο	φίλη	φίλο	φίλους	φίλες	φίλα
vocative	φίλε	φίλη	φίλο	φίλοι	φίλες	φίλα
derivations	comparative: πιο (pio) + positive forms (e.g. πιο φίλος, etc.) relative superlative: definite article + πιο (pio) + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο φίλος (o pio fílos), etc.)

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