φημί
See also: φημι
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *pʰā́mi, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂ti (“to speak”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰɛː.mí/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /pʰeˈmi/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ɸiˈmi/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /fiˈmi/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /fiˈmi/
Verb
φημί • (phēmí)
- I speak, say.
- I think
- (of an author) I write
- (φησί or ἔφη used when quoting, sometimes after another verb of saying)
- 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Oeconomicus 17.10:
- καὶ ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος γελάσας εἶπεν: ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύγε, ἔφη, ὦ Σώκρατες.
- kaì ho Iskhómakhos gelásas eîpen: allà paízeis mèn súge, éphē, ô Sṓkrates.
- And Ischomachus said, laughing, "But you're joking, Socrates," he said.
- καὶ ὁ Ἰσχόμαχος γελάσας εἶπεν: ἀλλὰ παίζεις μὲν σύγε, ἔφη, ὦ Σώκρατες.
- I say yes, agree, affirm, assert
- (with οὐ) I say no, deny, refuse
- 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 1.19.3:
- τοῖσι δὲ ἡ Πυθίη ἀπικομένοισι ἐς Δελφοὺς οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν πρὶν ἢ τὸν νηὸν τῆς Ἀθηναίης ἀνορθώσωσι, τὸν ἐνέπρησαν χώρης τῆς Μιλησίης ἐν Ἀσσησῷ.
- toîsi dè hē Puthíē apikoménoisi es Delphoùs ouk éphē khrḗsein prìn ḕ tòn nēòn tês Athēnaíēs anorthṓsōsi, tòn enéprēsan khṓrēs tês Milēsíēs en Assēsôi.
- But when the messengers came to Delphi, the Pythian priestess would not answer them before they restored the temple of Athena at Assesos in the Milesian territory, which they had burnt.
- τοῖσι δὲ ἡ Πυθίη ἀπικομένοισι ἐς Δελφοὺς οὐκ ἔφη χρήσειν πρὶν ἢ τὸν νηὸν τῆς Ἀθηναίης ἀνορθώσωσι, τὸν ἐνέπρησαν χώρης τῆς Μιλησίης ἐν Ἀσσησῷ.
- (φημί or οὕτως φημί as interjection) yes, I would say so
- (with οὐ) I say no, deny, refuse
Usage notes
All finite forms of the present tense except for φῄς (phḗis) are enclitic, as shown by the acute accent in ὥς φησι (hṓs phēsi) "so he says".
Inflection
Present: φημῐ́
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φημῐ́ | φῄς | φησῐ́ | φᾰτόν | φᾰτόν | φᾰμέν | φᾰτέ | φᾱσῐ́/φᾱσῐ́ν | ||||
subjunctive | φῶ | φῇς | φῇ | φῆτον | φῆτον | φῶμεν | φῆτε | φῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φαίην | φαίης | φαίη | φαῖτον, φαίητον |
φαίτην, φαιήτην |
φαῖμεν, φαίημεν |
φαῖτε, φαίητε |
φαῖεν, φαίησᾰν | |||||
imperative | φᾰ́θῐ/φᾰθῐ́ | φᾰ́τω | φᾰ́τον | φᾰ́των | φᾰ́τε | φᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰ́ναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φᾱ́ς | |||||||||||
f | φᾶσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | φᾰ́ν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φημῐ́ | φῇσθᾰ | φησῐ́ | φᾰτόν | φᾰτόν | φᾰμέν | φᾰτέ | φᾱσῐ́/φᾱσῐ́ν | ||||
subjunctive | φῶ, φῶμῐ |
φῇς, φῇσθᾰ |
φήῃ/φῇσι | φῆτον | φῆτον | φῶμεν | φῆτε | φῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φαίην | φαίης | φαίη | φαῖτον | φαίτην | φαῖμεν | φαῖτε | φαῖεν | |||||
imperative | φᾰ́θῐ/φᾰθῐ́ | φᾰ́τω | φᾰ́τον | φᾰ́των | φᾰ́τε | φᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φᾰ́ναι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φᾱ́ς | |||||||||||
f | φᾶσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | φᾰ́ν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφην | ἔφης/ἔφησθᾰ | ἔφη(ν) | ἔφᾰτον | ἐφᾰ́την | ἔφᾰμεν | ἔφᾰτε | ἔφᾰσᾰν/ἔφᾰν | ||||
middle | indicative | ἐφᾰ́μην | ἔφᾰσο | ἔφᾰτο | ἔφᾰσθον | ἐφᾰ́σθην | ἐφᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἔφᾰσθε | ἔφᾰντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φῆν | φῆς/φῆσθᾰ | φῆ | φᾰ́τον | φᾰ́την | φᾰ́μεν | φᾰ́τε | φᾰ́σᾰν/φᾰ́ν | ||||
middle | indicative | φᾰ́μην | φᾰ́σο | φᾰ́το | φᾰ́σθον | φᾰ́σθην | φᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ | φᾰ́σθε | φᾰ́ντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: φήσω
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φήσω | φήσεις | φήσει | φήσετον | φήσετον | φήσομεν | φήσετε | φήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | φήσοιμῐ | φήσοις | φήσοι | φήσοιτον | φησοίτην | φήσοιμεν | φήσοιτε | φήσοιεν | |||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φήσειν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φήσων | |||||||||||
f | φήσουσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | φῆσον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἔφησᾰ
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφησᾰ | ἔφησᾰς | ἔφησε(ν) | ἐφήσᾰτον | ἐφησᾰ́την | ἐφήσᾰμεν | ἐφήσᾰτε | ἔφησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | φήσω | φήσῃς | φήσῃ | φήσητον | φήσητον | φήσωμεν | φήσητε | φήσωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φήσαιμῐ | φήσειᾰς, φήσαις |
φήσειε(ν), φήσαι |
φήσαιτον | φησαίτην | φήσαιμεν | φήσαιτε | φήσειᾰν, φήσαιεν | |||||
imperative | φῆσον | φησᾰ́τω | φήσᾰτον | φησᾰ́των | φήσᾰτε | φησᾰ́ντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φῆσαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φήσᾱς | |||||||||||
f | φήσᾱσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | φῆσᾰν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
- Third-person singular perfect passive imperative: πεφάσθω (pephásthō)
Derived terms
Related terms
- φάτις (phátis, “rumour, news, speech”)
- φωνή (phōnḗ, “voice”)
Further reading
- φημί in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- φημί in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- φημί in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φημί in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- φημί in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G5346 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
- prophet in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.
- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 783: inflected forms
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