χθών

See also: Χθών

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Full transference to n-stem (cf. εἷς (heîs), χῐών (khiṓn)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm, with the Proto-Indo-European cluster *dʰǵʰ- metathesizing into Proto-Greek *kʰtʰ-, since Greek stop clusters must always end in a dental. Cognates include Sanskrit क्ष (kṣa) and Latin humus.

Pronunciation
 
  • Audio (Classical Attic)(file)

Noun

χθών • (khthṓn) f (genitive χθονός); third declension

  1. ground, soil, surface of the earth
  2. earth, world
  3. land, country

Inflection
Third declension of ἡ χθών; τῆς χθονός (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἡ χθών
hē khthṓn		 τὼ χθόνε
tṑ khthóne		 αἱ χθόνες
hai khthónes
Genitive τῆς χθονός
tês khthonós		 τοῖν χθονοῖν
toîn khthonoîn		 τῶν χθονῶν
tôn khthonôn
Dative τῇ χθονῐ́
têi khthoní		 τοῖν χθονοῖν
toîn khthonoîn		 ταῖς χθοσῐ́ / χθοσῐ́ν
taîs khthosí(n)
Accusative τὴν χθόνᾰ
tḕn khthóna		 τὼ χθόνε
tṑ khthóne		 τᾱ̀ς χθόνᾰς
tā̀s khthónas
Vocative χθών
khthṓn		 χθόνε
khthóne		 χθόνες
khthónes
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms
  • χαμάδις (khamádis)
  • χαμαί (khamaí)
  • χαμαιευνάς (khamaieunás)
  • χαμαιεύνης (khamaieúnēs)
  • χαμαίζηλος (khamaízēlos)
  • χαμαικοίτης (khamaikoítēs)
  • χαμαῖθεν (khamaîthen)
  • χαμόθεν (khamóthen)
  • χαμᾶζε (khamâze)
  • χαμᾶθεν (khamâthen)
  • χθαμαλός (khthamalós)

Further reading
  • χθών in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • χθών in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • χθών in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • χθών in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • χθών in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • χθών in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
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