над-

• надо- (nado-) (used before certain consonant clusters)

• над-: IPA^(key): [nəd] (before vowels and voiced consonants)
• над-: IPA^(key): [nət] (before voiceless consonants)
• на́д-: IPA^(key): [ˈnad] (when stressed, before vowels and voiced consonants)
• над-: IPA^(key): [ˈnat] (when stressed, before voiceless consonants)

над- or на́д- • (nad- or nád-)

1. takes verbs, produces verbs: to extend, add
2. takes verbs, produces verbs: to apply an action or measure

   ‎над- (nad-) + ‎-зира́ть (-zirátʹ, “to look at”) → ‎надзира́ть (nadzirátʹ, “to oversee”)

3. takes verbs, produces verbs: to apply an action in incomplete manner

   ‎над- (nad-) + ‎куси́ть (kusítʹ, “to bite”) → ‎надкуси́ть (nadkusítʹ, “to take a bite, nibble”)

4. takes verbs, produces verbs: super-

   ‎над- (nad-) + ‎писа́ть (pisátʹ, “to write”) → ‎надписа́ть (nadpisátʹ, “to superscribe, to inscribe”)

5. takes nouns, produces nouns and adjectives: over, above

   ‎над- (nad-) + ‎вода́ (vodá, “water”) + ‎-ный (-nyj, adjective-forming suffix) → ‎надво́дный (nadvódnyj, “above-water”)

   ‎над- (nad-) + ‎гроб (grob, “grave”) (poetic) + ‎-ие (-ije, noun-forming suffix) → ‎надгро́бие (nadgróbije, “tombstone”, literally “thing over the grave”)

• The suffix is found stressed in some noun derivations, e.g. на́дпись (nádpisʹ, “inscription”) (from надписа́ть (nadpisátʹ, “to caption, to inscribe; to write above”)).