сум
Macedonian
Usage notes
- The dependent form is specific to this verb only and is basically a second present form that is used in compound forms, such as the future, the да-construction, etc. It is analogous to the dependent present form of perfective verbs and its presence in the conjugation of "сум" is due to suppletion.
Conjugation
Conjugation of сум (imperfective, perfective)
| л-participles | imperfect | aorist | non-finite forms | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | бидел | бил | adjectival partc. | — |
| feminine | бидела | била | adverbial partc. | бидејќи |
| neuter | бидело | било | verbal noun | — |
| plural | биделе | биле | ||
| present | imperfect | dependent | imperative | |
| 1st singular | сум | бев | бидам | — |
| 2nd singular | си | беше | бидеш | биди |
| 3rd singular | е | беше | биде | — |
| 1st plural | сме | бевме | бидеме | — |
| 2nd plural | сте | бевте | бидете | бидете |
| 3rd plural | се | беа | бидат | — |
| Compound tenses | ||||
| perfect | сум бил | present of сум + imperfect л-participle | ||
| pluperfect | — | imperfect of сум + imperfect л-participle | ||
| future | ќе бидам | ќе + dependent | ||
| future in the past | ќе бев | ќе + imperfect | ||
| future reported | ќе сум бидел | ќе + imperfect л-participle | ||
| conditional | би бил | би + imperfect л-participle | ||
Mongolian
Etymology
From Proto-Mongolic *sumun (“arrow”), compare Dongxiang sumu.
The sense 'district' arose during the Qing dynasty as a translation of Manchu ᠨᡳᡵᡠ (niru, “a large arrow, militia company, district”)[1].
Pronunciation
- (Ulaanbaatar) IPA(key): /sʊm/, [so̙m]
Noun
сум • (sum) (Mongolian spelling ᠰᠤᠮᠤ (sumu)); (hidden-n declension )
- arrow, projectile, bullet
- district (the second-level civil administrative unit in the Mongolian governance system (under provinces))
Derived terms
- нум сум (num sum)
- нэг сумаар хоёр туулай буудах (neg sumaar hojor tuulaj buudah)
References
- Christopher P. Atwood (2004) Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol empire, New York: Facts on File, Inc, page 523
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