շանթ
Armenian
Etymology
From Old Armenian շանթ (šantʿ).
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | շանթ (šantʿ) | շանթեր (šantʿer) | ||
| dative | շանթի (šantʿi) | շանթերի (šantʿeri) | ||
| ablative | շանթից (šantʿicʿ) | շանթերից (šantʿericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | շանթով (šantʿov) | շանթերով (šantʿerov) | ||
| locative | շանթում (šantʿum) | շանթերում (šantʿerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | շանթը/շանթն (šantʿə/šantʿn) | շանթերը/շանթերն (šantʿerə/šantʿern) | ||
| dative | շանթին (šantʿin) | շանթերին (šantʿerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | շանթս (šantʿs) | շանթերս (šantʿers) | ||
| dative | շանթիս (šantʿis) | շանթերիս (šantʿeris) | ||
| ablative | շանթիցս (šantʿicʿs) | շանթերիցս (šantʿericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | շանթովս (šantʿovs) | շանթերովս (šantʿerovs) | ||
| locative | շանթումս (šantʿums) | շանթերումս (šantʿerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | շանթդ (šantʿd) | շանթերդ (šantʿerd) | ||
| dative | շանթիդ (šantʿid) | շանթերիդ (šantʿerid) | ||
| ablative | շանթիցդ (šantʿicʿd) | շանթերիցդ (šantʿericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | շանթովդ (šantʿovd) | շանթերովդ (šantʿerovd) | ||
| locative | շանթումդ (šantʿumd) | շանթերումդ (šantʿerumd) | ||
Synonyms
- (lightning): կայծակ (kaycak)
References
- Ałayan, Ēduard (1976), “շանթ”, in Ardi hayereni bacʿatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Modern Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Hayastan
- “շանթ”, in Žamanakakicʿ hayocʿ lezvi bacʿatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, 1969–1980
Old Armenian
Alternative forms
- շանդ (šand)
Etymology
Uncertain. An overview of opinions follows.
According to Petersson, Pokorny and J̌ahukyan, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwn̥ti-, from the root *ḱew- (“to shine; bright”), with such cognates as Sanskrit शोण (śoṇa, “red, purple”), Avestan 𐬯𐬎𐬭𐬆𐬨 (surəm, “early in the morning”), etc. This is rejected by Ačaṙyan and Olsen, who consider the origin of շանթ (šantʿ)/շանդ (šand) to be unknown.
Alternatively, according to Tērvišean and Bugge, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *skand- (“to shine, to glow; bright”) and cognate with Sanskrit चन्द् (cand-, “to shine, glitter”), चन्द्र (candrá), Latin candeo and Ancient Greek κάνδαρος (kándaros, “charcoal”). This is considered uncertain by Hübschmann and rejected by Ačaṙyan, who takes խանդ (xand) to be the reflex of this Indo-European root. Martirosyan remarks, that the connection between խանդ (xand) and շանթ (šantʿ)/շանդ (šand) should not be ruled out.
The word has also been compared to the Luwian theonym [script needed] (Šanta, “Šanta”) and the Hurrian theonym [script needed] (Šantaluggan). Martirosyan notes that the Luwian theonym may be related to Hittite [script needed] (šānt-, “furious, enraged”) and that Armenian may theoretically go back to Proto-Anatolian *šant- (“to be angry/furious”).
After a lengthy discussion Martirosyan concludes "Arm[enian] šantʿ, basically meaning ‘lightning-stroke, thunderbolt’ or ‘burning (by lightning-stroke)’ and referring also to devils, snakes and the like (originally, perhaps, to the mythological Thunder Dragon), may be compared with Luwian Šanta, the “brilliant” one, a god of war (armed with a bow) which can cause pestilence and in the Hellenistic period is equated with Herakles. It seems more likely that the theonym derives from the appellative. If the existence of Armenian loans in Anatolian languages proves acceptable, the Luwian theonym may be treated as borrowed from Arm[enian] šantʿ ‘lightning-stroke; heavenly fire’. This would imply that Arm[enian] šantʿ was deified by the Armenians in the 2nd and 1st millennia BC. In the period of the Iranian influx, the Armenian god *Šantʿ has been replaced by Vahagn which subsequently, exactly like Luwian Šanta, was identified with Herakles. The appellative šantʿ itself may be of P[roto-]I[ndo-]E[uropean] origin, although the etymological details are not entirely clear."
Noun
շանթ • (šantʿ)
- lightning, thunderbolt; (fiery) bolt
- հրավառ շանթ ― hravaṙ šantʿ ― the burning thunderbolt
- բոցավառ շանթ ― bocʿavaṙ šantʿ ― the flaming thunderbolt
- կայծակնացայտ շանթ ― kaycaknacʿayt šantʿ ― the gleaming thunderbolt
- հրաշունչ շանթ ― hrašunčʿ šantʿ ― the smoking thunderbolt
- սպառնալից շանթ ― spaṙnalicʿ šantʿ ― the threatening thunderbolt
- ահաւոր շանթ ― ahawor šantʿ ― the dreadful thunderbolt
- շանթս արձակել ― šantʿs arjakel ― to hurl thunderbolts, to fulminate
- heavenly fire
- spark, flash
- red-hot iron
- հրացեալ շանթիւք պսակել զոք ― hracʿeal šantʿiwkʿ psakel zokʿ ― to crown with a bent, red hot spit
- 16–17th centuries, Eremia Mełrecʿi or Sargis Evdokiacʿi, Baṙgirkʿ hayocʿ [Armenian Dictionary] Շ.49:
- շանթ· հրացեալ երկաթն է
- šantʿ· hracʿeal erkatʿn ē
- šantʿ = the fiery iron
- շանթ· հրացեալ երկաթն է
- ingot; a kind of measure of weight
- (attributively) red-hot
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | շանթ (šantʿ) | շանթք (šantʿkʿ) | |
| genitive | շանթի (šantʿi) | շանթից (šantʿicʿ) | |
| dative | շանթի (šantʿi) | շանթից (šantʿicʿ) | |
| accusative | շանթ (šantʿ) | շանթս (šantʿs) | |
| ablative | շանթէ (šantʿē) | շանթից (šantʿicʿ) | |
| instrumental | շանթիւ (šantʿiw) | շանթիւք (šantʿiwkʿ) | |
| locative | շանթի (šantʿi) | շանթս (šantʿs) |
Derived terms
- շանդական (šandakan)
- շանդի (šandi)
- շանդիկ (šandik)
- շանթագոյն (šantʿagoyn)
- շանթական (šantʿakan)
- շանթակեաց (šantʿakeacʿ)
- շանթակէզ (šantʿakēz)
- շանթահար (šantʿahar)
- շանթահարութիւն (šantʿaharutʿiwn)
- շանթաձիգ (šantʿajig)
- շանթային (šantʿayin)
- շանթեմ (šantʿem)
- շանթեռանդն (šantʿeṙandn)
- շանթեքար (šantʿekʿar)
- շանթընկէց (šantʿənkēcʿ)
- շանթի (šantʿi)
- շանթիկ (šantʿik)
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “շանթ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 494ab
- Amalyan, H. M., editor (1975) Baṙgirkʿ hayocʿ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 247
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “շանթ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “շանթ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Bugge, Sophus (1893), “Beiträge zur etymologischen Erläuterung der armenischen Sprache”, in Zeitschrift für vergleichende Sprachforschung (in German), volume 32, page 57
- Eremia Mełrecʿi (1698), “շանթ”, in Baṙgirkʿ hayocʿ [Armenian Dictionary] (in Armenian), Livorno: tpagr. Sargis Evdokiacʿu Sahetʿču, page 243
- Dervischjan (Tērvišean), P. Seraphin (1885) Hndewropakan naxalezu [Proto-Indo-European Language] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Nšan K. Pērpērean, page 111
- Dervischjan, P. Seraphin (1877) Armeniaca I: Das Altarmenische (in German), Vienna: Mechitharisten Buchdruckerei, page 29
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 479
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (1987) Hayocʿ lezvi patmutʿyun; naxagrayin žamanakašrǰan [History of the Armenian language: The Pre-Literary Period] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 132
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “շանթ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 581a
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2010), “šant’”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 513–515
- Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 944
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “²k̂eu-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 594