خاتم
Arabic
Alternative forms
- خَاتَام (ḵātām), خَيْتَام (ḵaytām), خَاتِيَام (ḵātiyām)
Etymology
Of uncertain chain of etymology; once thought be a borrowing from Aramaic, but deemed unlikely as had the word been borrowed from Hebrew חוֹתָם (ḥôtām) or Aramaic חוֹתָמָא / ܚܵܘܬܵܡܵܐ (ḥātāmā, “seal”), it would probably have started with a /ḥ/; the initial /ḫ/ in Arabic word suggests that it is derived from the same source as the latter. Ultimately suspected to be from or related to Egyptian ḫtm (“seal”), however not being attested in Akkadian or Ugaritic. The root خ ت م (ḵ-t-m) “related to finishing, sealing” would then be derived from this borrowing; the like in every Semitic language.
Alternatively, there is a hypothetical reconstruction as Proto-Afro-Asiatic *qatam- (“ring, signet”), being the source of both the Proto-Semitic *ḫatm- and Egyptian ḫtm, as well as Miya katam (“ring”) potentially a separate West Chadic development. Compare also طَابَع (ṭābaʿ, “seal, stamp”), representing an Akkadian equivalent and for more on the foreign pattern فَاعَل (fāʿal) see عَالَم (ʿālam).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xaː.tam/
Audio (file)
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خَاتَم ḵātam |
الْخَاتَم al-ḵātam |
خَاتَم ḵātam |
Nominative | خَاتَمٌ ḵātamun |
الْخَاتَمُ al-ḵātamu |
خَاتَمُ ḵātamu |
Accusative | خَاتَمًا ḵātaman |
الْخَاتَمَ al-ḵātama |
خَاتَمَ ḵātama |
Genitive | خَاتَمٍ ḵātamin |
الْخَاتَمِ al-ḵātami |
خَاتَمِ ḵātami |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | خَاتَمَيْن ḵātamayn |
الْخَاتَمَيْن al-ḵātamayn |
خَاتَمَيْ ḵātamay |
Nominative | خَاتَمَانِ ḵātamāni |
الْخَاتَمَانِ al-ḵātamāni |
خَاتَمَا ḵātamā |
Accusative | خَاتَمَيْنِ ḵātamayni |
الْخَاتَمَيْنِ al-ḵātamayni |
خَاتَمَيْ ḵātamay |
Genitive | خَاتَمَيْنِ ḵātamayni |
الْخَاتَمَيْنِ al-ḵātamayni |
خَاتَمَيْ ḵātamay |
Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خَوَاتِم ḵawātim |
الْخَوَاتِم al-ḵawātim |
خَوَاتِم ḵawātim |
Nominative | خَوَاتِمُ ḵawātimu |
الْخَوَاتِمُ al-ḵawātimu |
خَوَاتِمُ ḵawātimu |
Accusative | خَوَاتِمَ ḵawātima |
الْخَوَاتِمَ al-ḵawātima |
خَوَاتِمَ ḵawātima |
Genitive | خَوَاتِمَ ḵawātima |
الْخَوَاتِمِ al-ḵawātimi |
خَوَاتِمِ ḵawātimi |
References
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 252
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 17
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 120–121
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 267–268
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 112
Persian
Noun
خاتم • (xātam)
Synonyms
Derived terms
- خاتم کردن (xātam kardan, “to inlay”)
- حرف خاتم (harf-e-xātam, “ornated caligraphy”)
References
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “خاتم”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press