رف
See also: رق
Arabic
Etymology 1
Disputed etymology:
- Natively from the root ر ف ف (r-f-f) in the sense of an outstretched wing being symbolic of protection, a coverlet; hence originally an awning or covering; semantically becoming a story or tier of a building as each window would feature such a cloth shelf above it. Parallel semantic conception found with Hebrew רפפות (“window shutters; a collection of layered thin strips”) and Western Neo-Aramaic ܪܦ (rap, “level, story; room, chamber”).
- Natively from the root ر ف ف (r-f-f) in the sense of stretching elbows out on a pillow or cushion, stemming from an outstretched wing; hence a place to place things, a place to spread things out on.
- From Aramaic found in its descendant Western Neo-Aramaic ܪܦ (rap, “level, story; room, chamber”) of uncertain etymology, but considered likely foreign or possibly even borrowed from Arabic; as for a foreign source possibly connected to Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raff/
Audio (file)
Declension
Declension of noun رَفّ (raff)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | رَفّ raff |
الرَّفّ ar-raff |
رَفّ raff |
Nominative | رَفٌّ raffun |
الرَّفُّ ar-raffu |
رَفُّ raffu |
Accusative | رَفًّا raffan |
الرَّفَّ ar-raffa |
رَفَّ raffa |
Genitive | رَفٍّ raffin |
الرَّفِّ ar-raffi |
رَفِّ raffi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | رَفَّيْن raffayn |
الرَّفَّيْن ar-raffayn |
رَفَّيْ raffay |
Nominative | رَفَّانِ raffāni |
الرَّفَّانِ ar-raffāni |
رَفَّا raffā |
Accusative | رَفَّيْنِ raffayni |
الرَّفَّيْنِ ar-raffayni |
رَفَّيْ raffay |
Genitive | رَفَّيْنِ raffayni |
الرَّفَّيْنِ ar-raffayni |
رَفَّيْ raffay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | رُفُوف; رِفَاف; أَرْفُف rufūf; rifāf; ʾarfuf |
الرُّفُوف; الرِّفَاف; الْأَرْفُف ar-rufūf; ar-rifāf; al-ʾarfuf |
رُفُوف; رِفَاف; أَرْفُف rufūf; rifāf; ʾarfuf |
Nominative | رُفُوفٌ; رِفَافٌ; أَرْفُفٌ rufūfun; rifāfun; ʾarfufun |
الرُّفُوفُ; الرِّفَافُ; الْأَرْفُفُ ar-rufūfu; ar-rifāfu; al-ʾarfufu |
رُفُوفُ; رِفَافُ; أَرْفُفُ rufūfu; rifāfu; ʾarfufu |
Accusative | رُفُوفًا; رِفَافًا; أَرْفُفًا rufūfan; rifāfan; ʾarfufan |
الرُّفُوفَ; الرِّفَافَ; الْأَرْفُفَ ar-rufūfa; ar-rifāfa; al-ʾarfufa |
رُفُوفَ; رِفَافَ; أَرْفُفَ rufūfa; rifāfa; ʾarfufa |
Genitive | رُفُوفٍ; رِفَافٍ; أَرْفُفٍ rufūfin; rifāfin; ʾarfufin |
الرُّفُوفِ; الرِّفَافِ; الْأَرْفُفِ ar-rufūfi; ar-rifāfi; al-ʾarfufi |
رُفُوفِ; رِفَافِ; أَرْفُفِ rufūfi; rifāfi; ʾarfufi |
Etymology 2
From the root ر ف ف (r-f-f).
Conjugation
Conjugation of
رَفَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns رَفّ or رَفِيف)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
raff or rafīf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
رَافّ rāff | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَرْفُوف marfūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | rafaftu |
rafafta |
رَفَّ raffa |
رَفَفْتُمَا rafaftumā |
رَفَّا raffā |
rafafnā |
rafaftum |
raffū | |||
f | rafafti |
raffat |
رَفَّتَا raffatā |
rafaftunna |
rafafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾariffu |
tariffu |
yariffu |
تَرِفَّانِ tariffāni |
يَرِفَّانِ yariffāni |
nariffu |
tariffūna |
yariffūna | |||
f | tariffīna |
tariffu |
تَرِفَّانِ tariffāni |
tarfifna |
yarfifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾariffa |
tariffa |
yariffa |
تَرِفَّا tariffā |
يَرِفَّا yariffā |
nariffa |
تَرِفُّوا tariffū |
يَرِفُّوا yariffū | |||
f | tariffī |
tariffa |
تَرِفَّا tariffā |
tarfifna |
yarfifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾariffa or ʾariffi or ʾarfif |
tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
yariffa or yariffi or yarfif |
تَرِفَّا tariffā |
يَرِفَّا yariffā |
nariffa or nariffi or narfif |
تَرِفُّوا tariffū |
يَرِفُّوا yariffū | |||
f | tariffī |
tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
تَرِفَّا tariffā |
tarfifna |
yarfifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | riffa or riffi or irfif |
رِفَّا riffā |
riffū |
||||||||
f | riffī |
irfifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | رُفَّ ruffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | — | — | yuraffu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuraffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuraffa or yuraffi or yurfaf |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Conjugation
Conjugation of
رَفَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal noun رَفّ)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
رَفّ raff | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
رَافّ rāff | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَرْفُوف marfūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | rafaftu |
rafafta |
رَفَّ raffa |
رَفَفْتُمَا rafaftumā |
رَفَّا raffā |
rafafnā |
rafaftum |
raffū | |||
f | rafafti |
raffat |
رَفَّتَا raffatā |
rafaftunna |
rafafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾaruffu or ʾariffu |
taruffu or tariffu |
yaruffu or yariffu |
تَرُفَّانِ or تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni or tariffāni |
يَرُفَّانِ or يَرِفَّانِ yaruffāni or yariffāni |
naruffu or nariffu |
taruffūna or tariffūna |
yaruffūna or yariffūna | |||
f | taruffīna or tariffīna |
taruffu or tariffu |
تَرُفَّانِ or تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni or tariffāni |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾaruffa or ʾariffa |
taruffa or tariffa |
yaruffa or yariffa |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
يَرُفَّا or يَرِفَّا yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or nariffa |
تَرُفُّوا or تَرِفُّوا taruffū or tariffū |
يَرُفُّوا or يَرِفُّوا yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or tariffa |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾaruffa or ʾaruffi or ʾarfuf or ʾariffa or ʾariffi or ʾarfif |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
yaruffa or yaruffi or yarfuf or yariffa or yariffi or yarfif |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
يَرُفَّا or يَرِفَّا yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or naruffi or narfuf or nariffa or nariffi or narfif |
تَرُفُّوا or تَرِفُّوا taruffū or tariffū |
يَرُفُّوا or يَرِفُّوا yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ruffa or ruffi or urfuf or riffa or riffi or irfif |
رُفَّا or رِفَّا ruffā or riffā |
ruffū or riffū |
||||||||
f | ruffī or riffī |
urfufna or irfifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | رُفَّ ruffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | — | — | yuraffu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuraffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuraffa or yuraffi or yurfaf |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Verb
رَفَّ • (raffa) I, non-past يَرُفُّ or يَرِفُّ (yaruffu or yariffu)
- to serve diligently (لِ (li) someone)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
رَفَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns رُفُوف or رَفِيف)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
rufūf or rafīf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
رَافّ rāff | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَرْفُوف marfūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | rafaftu |
rafafta |
رَفَّ raffa |
رَفَفْتُمَا rafaftumā |
رَفَّا raffā |
rafafnā |
rafaftum |
raffū | |||
f | rafafti |
raffat |
رَفَّتَا raffatā |
rafaftunna |
rafafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾaruffu or ʾariffu |
taruffu or tariffu |
yaruffu or yariffu |
تَرُفَّانِ or تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni or tariffāni |
يَرُفَّانِ or يَرِفَّانِ yaruffāni or yariffāni |
naruffu or nariffu |
taruffūna or tariffūna |
yaruffūna or yariffūna | |||
f | taruffīna or tariffīna |
taruffu or tariffu |
تَرُفَّانِ or تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni or tariffāni |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾaruffa or ʾariffa |
taruffa or tariffa |
yaruffa or yariffa |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
يَرُفَّا or يَرِفَّا yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or nariffa |
تَرُفُّوا or تَرِفُّوا taruffū or tariffū |
يَرُفُّوا or يَرِفُّوا yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or tariffa |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾaruffa or ʾaruffi or ʾarfuf or ʾariffa or ʾariffi or ʾarfif |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
yaruffa or yaruffi or yarfuf or yariffa or yariffi or yarfif |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
يَرُفَّا or يَرِفَّا yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or naruffi or narfuf or nariffa or nariffi or narfif |
تَرُفُّوا or تَرِفُّوا taruffū or tariffū |
يَرُفُّوا or يَرِفُّوا yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ruffa or ruffi or urfuf or riffa or riffi or irfif |
رُفَّا or رِفَّا ruffā or riffā |
ruffū or riffū |
||||||||
f | ruffī or riffī |
urfufna or irfifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | رُفَّ ruffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | — | — | yuraffu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuraffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuraffa or yuraffi or yurfaf |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Noun
رَفّ • (raff) m
- verbal noun of رَفَّ (raffa) (form I)
Declension
Declension of noun رَفّ (raff)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | رَفّ raff |
الرَّفّ ar-raff |
رَفّ raff |
Nominative | رَفٌّ raffun |
الرَّفُّ ar-raffu |
رَفُّ raffu |
Accusative | رَفًّا raffan |
الرَّفَّ ar-raffa |
رَفَّ raffa |
Genitive | رَفٍّ raffin |
الرَّفِّ ar-raffi |
رَفِّ raffi |
References
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 13
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “رف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 170
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860), “رف”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 892
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “رف”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1115–1116
- Wehr, Hans (1979), “رف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 403
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “رف”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 483
Persian
Etymology
Possible cognate with English rift; for more see Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- and the Arabic above. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
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