شاه

See also: شاہ‎, ساہ‎, and شاة‎

Arabic

Etymology

From Persian ‎.

Noun

شَاه • (šāh) m

shah
(chess) king
شاه مات‎ (šāh māt) — checkmate

Declension

Declension of noun شَاه (šāh)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	شَاه šāh	الشَّاه‎ aš-šāh	شَاه šāh
Nominative	شَاهٌ šāhun	الشَّاهُ‎ aš-šāhu	شَاهُ šāhu
Accusative	شَاهًا‎ šāhan	الشَّاهَ‎ aš-šāha	شَاهَ šāha
Genitive	شَاهٍ šāhin	الشَّاهِ‎ aš-šāhi	شَاهِ šāhi

Synonyms

ملك‎ (in chess)

Descendants

→ Czech: šach
→ Galician: xaque
→ Portuguese: xeque
→ Slovak: šach
→ Slovene: šah
→ Spanish: jaque
→ Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
- Italian: scacco
- Old French: eschec
  - French: échec
    - → Catalan: xec
  - → Middle Dutch: scaec
    - Dutch: schaak
    - → Danish: skak
  - → Middle English: chek, chekke
    - English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
  - → Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
    - English: chess
    - Scots: chess
- → Middle High German: schāch
  - German: Schach
    - → Hungarian: sakk
    - → Luxembourgish: Schach
    - → Romanian: șah
    - → Swedish: schack
- → Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
- ⇒ Medieval Latin: scaccarium
  - Old French: escheker
    - Middle French: eschiquier
      - French: échiquier
    - Norman: êchitchi
    - → English: exchequer
    - → English: checker

Persian

Alternative forms

شه‎ (šah)

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠‎ (šāh), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “king”), from Proto-Iranian *xšáyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáyati (“he rules, he has power over”) (whence Sanskrit क्षयति (kṣáyati)), from Proto-Indo-European *tek- (“to gain power over, gain control over”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃɒːh/

Noun

Dari Persian	شاه
Iranian Persian	شاه
Tajiki Persian	шоҳ (šoh)

شاه • (šâh) (plural شاهان‎ (šâhân))

king; shah
(chess) king
(in compounds) Something that is the biggest or the best of its kind.

Derived terms

شاهدخت‎ (šâh-doxt)
شاهدزد‎ (šâhdozd)
شاهراه‎ (šâhrâh)
شاهرود‎ (šâhrud)
شاهرگ‎ (šâh-rag)
شاهزاده‎ (šâh-zâde)
شاهسپرم‎ (šâhasparam)
شاه مات‎ (šâh mât)
شاهنامه‎ (šâh-nâme)
شاهنشاه‎ (šâhanšâh)
شاهکار‎ (šâh-kâr)
شاه‌توت‎ (šâh-tut)
شاه‌دانه‎ (šâh-dâneh)
شاه‌طوطی‎ (šâh-tuti)

Descendants

→ Arabic: شَاه‎ (šāh)
- → Czech: šach
- → Galician: xaque
- → Portuguese: xeque
- → Slovak: šach
- → Slovene: šah
- → Spanish: jaque
- → Vulgar Latin: *scaccus
  - Italian: scacco
  - Old French: eschec
    - French: échec
      - → Catalan: xec
    - → Middle Dutch: scaec
      - Dutch: schaak
      - → Danish: skak
    - → Middle English: chek, chekke
      - English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)
    - → Middle English: ches, chees, chesse, echesse, esches (via the plural eschés)
      - English: chess
      - Scots: chess
  - → Middle High German: schāch
    - German: Schach
      - → Hungarian: sakk
      - → Luxembourgish: Schach
      - → Romanian: șah
      - → Swedish: schack
  - → Saterland Frisian: Schak, Schach
  - ⇒ Medieval Latin: scaccarium
    - Old French: escheker
      - Middle French: eschiquier
        French: échiquier
      - Norman: êchitchi
      - → English: exchequer
      - → English: checker
→ Azerbaijani: şah
→ Bashkir: шаһ (šah)
→ Belarusian: шах (šax)
→ Bengali: শাহ (śah)
→ Bulgarian: шах (šah)
→ Catalan: xa
→ Chinese: 沙阿 (shā'ā), 沙赫 (shāhè)
→ Danish: shah
→ Dutch: sjah
→ English: shah
→ Estonian: šahh
→ Finnish: šakki, shakki, sakki
→ French: schah, chah, shah
→ Georgian: შაჰი (šahi)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: शाह (śāh)

Urdu: شاہ‎ (šāh)
→ Hungarian: sakk
→ Irish: seá
→ Italian: scià
→ Japanese: シャー (shā)
→ Kazakh: шаһ (şah)
→ Korean: 샤 (sya)
→ Kumyk: шагь
→ Kyrgyz: шах (şah)
→ Latvian: šahs
→ Lezgi: шагь (šah)
→ Lithuanian: šachas
→ Macedonian: шах (šah)
→ Malay: syah
→ Mongolian: шах (šah)
→ Middle Armenian: շահ (šah)
- Armenian: շահ (šah)
→ Norwegian: sjah
→ Old Norse: skák
- Faroese: skák
- Icelandic: skák
- Norwegian: sjakk
→ Ottoman Turkish: شاه‎ (shâh)
- Turkish: şah
- → Albanian: shah
- → Hungarian: sah
- → Romanian: șah
→ Pashto: شاه‎ (šāh)
→ Polish: szach
→ Portuguese: xá
→ Russian: шах (šax)
- → Armenian: շախ (šax)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: шах

Latin: šah
→ Spanish: sah
→ Swedish: shah
→ Tatar: шаһ (şah)
→ Turkmen: şah
→ Ukrainian: шах (šax)
→ Uyghur: شاھ‎‎ (shah‎)
→ Uzbek: shoh
→ Vietnamese: sa
→ Zazaki: şağ

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Chess pieces in Arabic · (layout · text)

شَاه (šāh)	وَزِير‎ (wazīr)	رُخّ‎ (ruḵḵ)	فِيل‎ (fīl)	حِصَان‎ (ḥiṣān)	بَيْدَق‎ (baydaq) – جُنْدِيّ‎ (jundiyy)

Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج‎ (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)

شاه (šâh)	وزیر‎ (vazir)	رخ‎ (rox), قلعه‎ (qal'e)	فیل‎ (fil)	اسب‎ (asb)	پیاده‎ (piyâde), سرباز‎ (sarbâz)