شهر
Arabic
Etymology
From the root ش ه ر (š-h-r). The meaning “month” can be considered a semantic loan from Aramaic סהרא, but compare Old South Arabian 𐩦𐩠𐩧 (“beginning of the lunar month”).
Pronunciation
Verb
شَهَرَ • (šahara) I, non-past يَشْهَرُ (yašharu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَهَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun شَهْر)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
شَهْر šahr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šāhir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
mašhūr | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šahartu |
šaharta |
شَهَرَ šahara |
شَهَرْتُمَا šahartumā |
شَهَرَا šaharā |
šaharnā |
šahartum |
šaharū | |||
f | šaharti |
šaharat |
شَهَرَتَا šaharatā |
šahartunna |
šaharna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾašharu |
tašharu |
yašharu |
تَشْهَرَانِ tašharāni |
يَشْهَرَانِ yašharāni |
našharu |
tašharūna |
yašharūna | |||
f | tašharīna |
tašharu |
تَشْهَرَانِ tašharāni |
tašharna |
yašharna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾašhara |
tašhara |
yašhara |
تَشْهَرَا tašharā |
يَشْهَرَا yašharā |
našhara |
تَشْهَرُوا tašharū |
يَشْهَرُوا yašharū | |||
f | tašharī |
tašhara |
تَشْهَرَا tašharā |
tašharna |
yašharna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾašhar |
tašhar |
yašhar |
تَشْهَرَا tašharā |
يَشْهَرَا yašharā |
našhar |
تَشْهَرُوا tašharū |
يَشْهَرُوا yašharū | |||
f | tašharī |
tašhar |
تَشْهَرَا tašharā |
tašharna |
yašharna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | išhar |
اِشْهَرَا išharā |
اِشْهَرُوا išharū |
||||||||
f | išharī |
išharna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šuhirtu |
šuhirta |
شُهِرَ šuhira |
شُهِرْتُمَا šuhirtumā |
شُهِرَا šuhirā |
šuhirnā |
šuhirtum |
šuhirū | |||
f | šuhirti |
šuhirat |
شُهِرَتَا šuhiratā |
šuhirtunna |
šuhirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾušharu |
tušharu |
yušharu |
تُشْهَرَانِ tušharāni |
يُشْهَرَانِ yušharāni |
nušharu |
tušharūna |
yušharūna | |||
f | tušharīna |
tušharu |
تُشْهَرَانِ tušharāni |
tušharna |
yušharna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾušhara |
tušhara |
yušhara |
تُشْهَرَا tušharā |
يُشْهَرَا yušharā |
nušhara |
تُشْهَرُوا tušharū |
يُشْهَرُوا yušharū | |||
f | tušharī |
tušhara |
تُشْهَرَا tušharā |
tušharna |
yušharna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾušhar |
tušhar |
yušhar |
تُشْهَرَا tušharā |
يُشْهَرَا yušharā |
nušhar |
تُشْهَرُوا tušharū |
يُشْهَرُوا yušharū | |||
f | tušharī |
tušhar |
تُشْهَرَا tušharā |
tušharna |
yušharna |
Verb
شَهَّرَ • (šahhara) II, non-past يُشَهِّرُ (yušahhiru)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَهَّرَ
(form-II sound)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
tašhīr | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
مُشَهِّر mušahhir | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مُشَهَّر mušahhar | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šahhartu |
šahharta |
شَهَّرَ šahhara |
شَهَّرْتُمَا šahhartumā |
شَهَّرَا šahharā |
šahharnā |
šahhartum |
šahharū | |||
f | šahharti |
šahharat |
شَهَّرَتَا šahharatā |
šahhartunna |
šahharna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾušahhiru |
tušahhiru |
yušahhiru |
تُشَهِّرَانِ tušahhirāni |
يُشَهِّرَانِ yušahhirāni |
nušahhiru |
tušahhirūna |
yušahhirūna | |||
f | tušahhirīna |
tušahhiru |
تُشَهِّرَانِ tušahhirāni |
tušahhirna |
yušahhirna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾušahhira |
tušahhira |
yušahhira |
تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā |
يُشَهِّرَا yušahhirā |
nušahhira |
تُشَهِّرُوا tušahhirū |
يُشَهِّرُوا yušahhirū | |||
f | tušahhirī |
tušahhira |
تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā |
tušahhirna |
yušahhirna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾušahhir |
tušahhir |
yušahhir |
تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā |
يُشَهِّرَا yušahhirā |
nušahhir |
تُشَهِّرُوا tušahhirū |
يُشَهِّرُوا yušahhirū | |||
f | tušahhirī |
tušahhir |
تُشَهِّرَا tušahhirā |
tušahhirna |
yušahhirna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | شَهِّرْ šahhir |
شَهِّرَا šahhirā |
šahhirū |
||||||||
f | šahhirī |
šahhirna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | šuhhirtu |
šuhhirta |
شُهِّرَ šuhhira |
شُهِّرْتُمَا šuhhirtumā |
شُهِّرَا šuhhirā |
šuhhirnā |
šuhhirtum |
šuhhirū | |||
f | šuhhirti |
šuhhirat |
شُهِّرَتَا šuhhiratā |
šuhhirtunna |
šuhhirna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾušahharu |
tušahharu |
yušahharu |
تُشَهَّرَانِ tušahharāni |
يُشَهَّرَانِ yušahharāni |
nušahharu |
tušahharūna |
yušahharūna | |||
f | tušahharīna |
tušahharu |
تُشَهَّرَانِ tušahharāni |
tušahharna |
yušahharna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾušahhara |
tušahhara |
yušahhara |
تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā |
يُشَهَّرَا yušahharā |
nušahhara |
تُشَهَّرُوا tušahharū |
يُشَهَّرُوا yušahharū | |||
f | tušahharī |
tušahhara |
تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā |
tušahharna |
yušahharna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾušahhar |
tušahhar |
yušahhar |
تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā |
يُشَهَّرَا yušahharā |
nušahhar |
تُشَهَّرُوا tušahharū |
يُشَهَّرُوا yušahharū | |||
f | tušahharī |
tušahhar |
تُشَهَّرَا tušahharā |
tušahharna |
yušahharna |
Declension
Declension of noun شَهْر (šahr)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَهْر šahr |
الشَّهْر aš-šahr |
شَهْر šahr |
Nominative | شَهْرٌ šahrun |
الشَّهْرُ aš-šahru |
شَهْرُ šahru |
Accusative | شَهْرًا šahran |
الشَّهْرَ aš-šahra |
شَهْرَ šahra |
Genitive | شَهْرٍ šahrin |
الشَّهْرِ aš-šahri |
شَهْرِ šahri |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَهْرَيْن šahrayn |
الشَّهْرَيْن aš-šahrayn |
شَهْرَيْ šahray |
Nominative | شَهْرَانِ šahrāni |
الشَّهْرَانِ aš-šahrāni |
شَهْرَا šahrā |
Accusative | شَهْرَيْنِ šahrayni |
الشَّهْرَيْنِ aš-šahrayni |
شَهْرَيْ šahray |
Genitive | شَهْرَيْنِ šahrayni |
الشَّهْرَيْنِ aš-šahrayni |
شَهْرَيْ šahray |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَشْهُر; شُهُور ʾašhur; šuhūr |
الْأَشْهُر; الشُّهُور al-ʾašhur; aš-šuhūr |
أَشْهُر; شُهُور ʾašhur; šuhūr |
Nominative | أَشْهُرٌ; شُهُورٌ ʾašhurun; šuhūrun |
الْأَشْهُرُ; الشُّهُورُ al-ʾašhuru; aš-šuhūru |
أَشْهُرُ; شُهُورُ ʾašhuru; šuhūru |
Accusative | أَشْهُرًا; شُهُورًا ʾašhuran; šuhūran |
الْأَشْهُرَ; الشُّهُورَ al-ʾašhura; aš-šuhūra |
أَشْهُرَ; شُهُورَ ʾašhura; šuhūra |
Genitive | أَشْهُرٍ; شُهُورٍ ʾašhurin; šuhūrin |
الْأَشْهُرِ; الشُّهُورِ al-ʾašhuri; aš-šuhūri |
أَشْهُرِ; شُهُورِ ʾašhuri; šuhūri |
References
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 186–187
- Wehr, Hans; Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985), “شهر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 680
Moroccan Arabic
Persian
Dari Persian | شهر |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | شهر |
Tajiki Persian | шаҳр (šahr) |
Etymology
From Middle Persian 𐭱𐭲𐭥𐭩 (šahr). Compare Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐏂𐎶 (xšaça-).
Pronunciation
- (Iranian Persian) IPA(key): /ʃæhɾ/, [ʃæhɾ], [ʃæːhɾ]
Related terms
Descendants
- → Azeri: şəhər
- → Bengali: শহর (shôhôr)
- → Crimean Tatar: şeer
- → Hindi: शहर (śahr)
- → Karachay Balkar: шахар (śahar)
- → Kumyk: шагьар (şahar)
- → Kurdish: şar
- → Kyrgyz: шаар (şaar)
- → Marathi: शहर (śahar)
- → Ottoman Turkish: شهر (şehir)
- → Urdu: شہر (šahr)
- → Uyghur: شەھەر (sheher)
- → Uzbek: shahar
- → Tajik: шаҳр (šahr)
References
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