صام
Arabic
Etymology
From the root ص و م (ṣ-w-m). Compare Hebrew צָם (ṣām) and Ge'ez ጾመ (ṣomä, “to fast”). Nöldeke was convinced that the meaning “to fast” is a semantic loan from Aramaic צום / ܨܳܡ (ṣām, “to fast”), referring to the meaning “to stand still”, Jeffery says that the Arabic verb is “obviously denominative from صَوْم (ṣawm)” and notes that the term is only used in late Qurʾānic passages.
Verb
صَامَ • (ṣāma) I, non-past يَصُومُ (yaṣūmu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
صَامَ
(form-I hollow, verbal nouns صَوْم or صِيَام)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
ṣawm or ṣiyām | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
صَائِم ṣāʾim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَصُوم maṣūm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣumtu |
ṣumta |
صَامَ ṣāma |
صُمْتُمَا ṣumtumā |
صَامَا ṣāmā |
ṣumnā |
ṣumtum |
ṣāmū | |||
f | ṣumti |
ṣāmat |
صَامَتَا ṣāmatā |
ṣumtunna |
ṣumna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | ʾaṣūmu |
taṣūmu |
yaṣūmu |
تَصُومَانِ taṣūmāni |
يَصُومَانِ yaṣūmāni |
naṣūmu |
taṣūmūna |
yaṣūmūna | |||
f | taṣūmīna |
taṣūmu |
تَصُومَانِ taṣūmāni |
taṣumna |
yaṣumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʾaṣūma |
taṣūma |
yaṣūma |
تَصُومَا taṣūmā |
يَصُومَا yaṣūmā |
naṣūma |
تَصُومُوا taṣūmū |
يَصُومُوا yaṣūmū | |||
f | taṣūmī |
taṣūma |
تَصُومَا taṣūmā |
taṣumna |
yaṣumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾaṣum |
taṣum |
yaṣum |
تَصُومَا taṣūmā |
يَصُومَا yaṣūmā |
naṣum |
تَصُومُوا taṣūmū |
يَصُومُوا yaṣūmū | |||
f | taṣūmī |
taṣum |
تَصُومَا taṣūmā |
taṣumna |
yaṣumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | صُمْ ṣum |
صُومَا ṣūmā |
صُومُوا ṣūmū |
||||||||
f | ṣūmī |
ṣumna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ṣimtu |
ṣimta |
ṣīma |
صِمْتُمَا ṣimtumā |
صِيمَا ṣīmā |
ṣimnā |
ṣimtum |
صِيمُوا ṣīmū | |||
f | ṣimti |
صِيمَتْ ṣīmat |
صِيمَتَا ṣīmatā |
ṣimtunna |
ṣimna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | أُصَامُ ʾuṣāmu |
تُصَامُ tuṣāmu |
yuṣāmu |
تُصَامَانِ tuṣāmāni |
يُصَامَانِ yuṣāmāni |
نُصَامُ nuṣāmu |
تُصَامُونَ tuṣāmūna |
يُصَامُونَ yuṣāmūna | |||
f | تُصَامِينَ tuṣāmīna |
تُصَامُ tuṣāmu |
تُصَامَانِ tuṣāmāni |
tuṣamna |
yuṣamna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُصَامَ ʾuṣāma |
تُصَامَ tuṣāma |
yuṣāma |
تُصَامَا tuṣāmā |
يُصَامَا yuṣāmā |
نُصَامَ nuṣāma |
تُصَامُوا tuṣāmū |
يُصَامُوا yuṣāmū | |||
f | تُصَامِي tuṣāmī |
تُصَامَ tuṣāma |
تُصَامَا tuṣāmā |
tuṣamna |
yuṣamna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʾuṣam |
tuṣam |
yuṣam |
تُصَامَا tuṣāmā |
يُصَامَا yuṣāmā |
nuṣam |
تُصَامُوا tuṣāmū |
يُصَامُوا yuṣāmū | |||
f | تُصَامِي tuṣāmī |
tuṣam |
تُصَامَا tuṣāmā |
tuṣamna |
yuṣamna |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833), “صام”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 534
- Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 201–202
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “صام”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, page 36
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