ليس

See also: لیس‎ and ليش‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

Contraction of the negative particle لَا‎ (lā) and ش ي ء‎ (š-y-ʾ) originally meaning to be or to exist.[1][2] Negative cognate to Hebrew יֵשׁ‎ (yésh) and Akkadian 𒌇 (/išu/, “to have or own, to be; also used copulatively”).[3]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlajsa/

Verb

لَيْسَ • (laysa)

(copulative) not to be
not to exist; (third person) there is not
(third person) used to refer to a preceding context, where English would simply use the adverb not
‏وُلِدْتُ فِي دِمَشْقَ وَلَيْسَ فِي بَيْرُوت‎
wulidtu fī dimašqa wa-laysa fī bayrūt
I was born in Damascus, not in Beirut.
(literally, “I was born in Damascus and it isn’t in Beirut.”)

Usage notes

This is a defective verb. It has only perfect indicative forms with a present-tense meaning. It governs a noun or adjective in the accusative, or takes بِـ‎ (bi-) and the genitive.

‏لَسْتُ عَالِمًا‎‎ ― lastu ʿāliman ― I am not learned

‏لَسْتُ بِعَالِمٍ‎‎ ― lastu bi-ʿālimin ― I am not learned

Conjugation

Before consonantal endings, the diphthong -ay- is reduced to a short -a-:

	singular	dual	plural
1st person	لَسْتُ‎ (lastu)	—	لَسْنَا‎ (lasnā)
2nd person m	لَسْتَ‎ (lasta)	لَسْتُمَا‎ (lastumā)	لَسْتُمْ‎ (lastum)
2nd person f	لَسْتِ‎ (lasti)	لَسْتُمَا‎ (lastumā)	لَسْتُنَّ‎ (lastunna)
3rd person m	لَيْسَ (laysa)	لَيْسَا‎ (laysā)	لَيْسُوا‎ (laysū)
3rd person f	لَيْسَتْ‎ (laysat)	لَيْسَتَا‎ (laysatā)	لَسْنَ‎ (lasna)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlajisa/

Verb

لَيِسَ • (layisa) I, non-past يَلْيَسُ‎‎ (yalyasu)

to be valiant, to be brave, to be courageous

Conjugation

Conjugation of

لَيِسَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun لَيَس)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					لَيَس layas
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					لَايِس‎ lāyis
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	لَيِسْتُ‎ layistu	لَيِسْتَ‎ layista	لَيِسَ layisa	لَيِسْتُمَا‎ layistumā	لَيِسَا‎ layisā	لَيِسْنَا‎ layisnā	لَيِسْتُمْ‎ layistum	لَيِسُوا‎ layisū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	لَيِسْتُ‎ layistu	لَيِسْتِ‎ layisti	لَيِسَتْ‎ layisat	لَيِسْتُمَا‎ layistumā	لَيِسَتَا‎ layisatā	لَيِسْنَا‎ layisnā	لَيِسْتُنَّ‎ layistunna	لَيِسْنَ‎ layisna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أَلْيَسُ‎ ʾalyasu	تَلْيَسُ‎ talyasu	يَلْيَسُ‎ yalyasu	تَلْيَسَانِ‎ talyasāni	يَلْيَسَانِ‎ yalyasāni	نَلْيَسُ‎ nalyasu	تَلْيَسُونَ‎ talyasūna	يَلْيَسُونَ‎ yalyasūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أَلْيَسُ‎ ʾalyasu	تَلْيَسِينَ‎ talyasīna	تَلْيَسُ‎ talyasu	تَلْيَسَانِ‎ talyasāni	تَلْيَسَانِ‎ talyasāni	نَلْيَسُ‎ nalyasu	تَلْيَسْنَ‎ talyasna	يَلْيَسْنَ‎ yalyasna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَلْيَسَ‎ ʾalyasa	تَلْيَسَ‎ talyasa	يَلْيَسَ‎ yalyasa	تَلْيَسَا‎ talyasā	يَلْيَسَا‎ yalyasā	نَلْيَسَ‎ nalyasa	تَلْيَسُوا‎ talyasū	يَلْيَسُوا‎ yalyasū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَلْيَسَ‎ ʾalyasa	تَلْيَسِي‎ talyasī	تَلْيَسَ‎ talyasa	تَلْيَسَا‎ talyasā	تَلْيَسَا‎ talyasā	نَلْيَسَ‎ nalyasa	تَلْيَسْنَ‎ talyasna	يَلْيَسْنَ‎ yalyasna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَلْيَسْ‎ ʾalyas	تَلْيَسْ‎ talyas	يَلْيَسْ‎ yalyas	تَلْيَسَا‎ talyasā	يَلْيَسَا‎ yalyasā	نَلْيَسْ‎ nalyas	تَلْيَسُوا‎ talyasū	يَلْيَسُوا‎ yalyasū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَلْيَسْ‎ ʾalyas	تَلْيَسِي‎ talyasī	تَلْيَسْ‎ talyas	تَلْيَسَا‎ talyasā	تَلْيَسَا‎ talyasā	نَلْيَسْ‎ nalyas	تَلْيَسْنَ‎ talyasna	يَلْيَسْنَ‎ yalyasna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اِلْيَسْ‎ ilyas		اِلْيَسَا‎ ilyasā			اِلْيَسُوا‎ ilyasū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اِلْيَسِي‎ ilyasī		اِلْيَسَا‎ ilyasā			اِلْيَسْنَ‎ ilyasna

Noun

لَيَس • (layas) m

verbal noun of لَيِسَ (layisa) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun لَيَس (layas)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	لَيَس layas	اللَّيَس‎ al-layas	لَيَس layas
Nominative	لَيَسٌ layasun	اللَّيَسُ‎ al-layasu	لَيَسُ layasu
Accusative	لَيَسًا‎ layasan	اللَّيَسَ‎ al-layasa	لَيَسَ layasa
Genitive	لَيَسٍ layasin	اللَّيَسِ‎ al-layasi	لَيَسِ layasi

Adjective

لِيس • (līs) m pl

masculine plural of أَلْيَس‎ (ʾalyas)

References

“شيأ” in Edward William Lane (1863), Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1625-1627, meaning to be, to exist, literally that which is caused to be a thing, something, anything.
“ليس” in Edward William Lane (1863), Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2684-2685, meaning not, there is not, to be not, to have not.
H3426 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979

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[1] “شيأ” in Edward William Lane (1863), Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1625-1627, meaning to be, to exist, literally that which is caused to be a thing, something, anything.

[2] “ليس” in Edward William Lane (1863), Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2684-2685, meaning not, there is not, to be not, to have not.

[3] H3426 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979