को
Braj
Etymology
From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑁄 (ko), from Sanskrit क (ka) (whence Standard Hindi किस (kis)).
Hindi
Etymology
Ultimately from a derivative of Sanskrit कृ (kṛ, “to do”). Compare Braj कौ (kau), Assamese -ক (-k).
Postposition
को • (ko) (Urdu spelling کو)
- marks the dative case: to
- मेरे भाई को पानी दीजिए। ― mere bhāī ko pānī dījie. ― Please give some water to my elder brother.
- आगरे को ― āgre ko ― to Agra
- ऊपर को ― ūpar ko ― upwards
- in, at the time of
- मैं शाम को घर लौटूंगा। ― ma͠i śām ko ghar lauṭūṅgā. ― I will return home in the evening.
- बुधवार को ― budhvār ko ― on Wednesday
- (Mysore) marks the locative case
- Synonym: में (mẽ) (Modern Standard Hindi)
Usage notes
को marks the dative. It can be used as a postfix similar to -wards (e.g. ऊपर को (ūpar ko, “upwards”); आगे को (āge ko, “afterwards”)).
It is suffixed to oblique forms of pronouns as well, e.g. the dative of मैं (ma͠i, “I”) is मुझको (mujhko).
References
- McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “को”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
- Platts, John T. (1884), “को”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & co.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “ká”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Pali
Alternative forms
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