को

Braj

Etymology

From Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀓𑁄 (ko), from Sanskrit (ka) (whence Standard Hindi किस (kis)).

Pronoun

को (ko)

  1. who?

Hindi

Etymology

Ultimately from a derivative of Sanskrit कृ (kṛ, to do). Compare Braj कौ (kau), Assamese -ক (-k).

Postposition

को (ko) (Urdu spelling کو)

  1. marks the dative case: to
    मेरे भाई को पानी दीजिए।mere bhāī ko pānī dījie.Please give some water to my elder brother.
    आगरे कोāgre koto Agra
    ऊपर कोūpar koupwards
  2. in, at the time of
    मैं शाम को घर लौटूंगा।ma͠i śām ko ghar lauṭūṅgā.I will return home in the evening.
    बुधवार कोbudhvār koon Wednesday
  3. (Mysore) marks the locative case
    Synonym: में (mẽ) (Modern Standard Hindi)

Usage notes

को marks the dative. It can be used as a postfix similar to -wards (e.g. ऊपर को (ūpar ko, upwards); आगे को (āge ko, afterwards)).

It is suffixed to oblique forms of pronouns as well, e.g. the dative of मैं (ma͠i, I) is मुझको (mujhko).

References

  • McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), को”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
  • Platts, John T. (1884), को”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & co.
  • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Nepali

Pronoun

को (ko)

  1. who

Postposition

को (ko)

  1. genitival suffix

Pali

Alternative forms

Pronoun

को

  1. Devanagari script form of ko, which is the masculine nominative singular of (ka)
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