तुम

See also: तिमि and तिमी

Hindi

Etymology

From Sanskrit त्वम् (tvám), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /tʊm/

Pronoun

तुम • (tum) (Urdu spelling تم‎)

  1. you, ye (mid level formality and grammatically plural)

Usage notes
  • तुम (tum) is the mid level formal way of expressing "you" in Hindi and is used when addressing those of equal social status or those one has a close enough relationship with to justify the reduced formality. Because the less formal forms could offend others, आप (āp) is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
  • Because तुम (tum) is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term तुम लोग (tum log) (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to.

Declension
Declension of तुम
direct तुम (tum)
indirect तुम (tum)
ergative तुमने (tumne)
genitive तुम्हारा (tumhārā)
dative तुम्हें (tumhẽ) , तुमको (tumko)

See also
  • आप (āp) (highest formality, grammatically plural)
  • तू (tū) (complete lack of human formality, grammatically singular)
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