दण्ड

Could be a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *dóru (“tree”), whence दारु (dā́ru) and दृणाति (dṛṇā́ti), and thus cognate with Ancient Greek δένδρον (déndron, “tree”).

However, Kuiper argues for a substratum loanword from Para-Munda; compare Mundari dāṇḍi (dāṇḍi, “small stick”), Santali daṇṭa (daṇṭa, “thick stick, club”), daṇṭiṭit (daṇṭiṭit, “stem of mushrooms”), daṇḍi (daṇḍi, “stick, staff, stalk”). Likewise, Southworth suggests a Dravidian substratum, from Proto-Dravidian *taṇṭa (“stick, club”).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /d̪ɐɳ.ɖɐ́/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ɐɳ.ɖɐ/

दण्ड • (daṇḍá) m

1. stick, staff, rod, pole, cudgel, club
   1. staff given at investiture with the sacred thread
   2. penis (with वैतस (vaitasá)
   3. trunk » शुण्डादण्ड (śuṇḍā-daṇḍa)
   4. "arm" or "leg" » दोर्दण्ड (dor-daṇḍa), बाहुदण्ड (bāhu-daṇḍa)
   5. "tusk" » दंष्ट्रादण्ड (daṃṣṭrā-daṇḍa)
2. penis
3. a stalk, stem (of a tree; compare इक्षुदण्ड (ikṣu-daṇḍa), उद्दण्ड (ud-daṇḍa), खरदण्ड (khara-daṇḍa))
4. the staff of a banner
5. the handle (of a ladle, sauce-pan, fly-flap, parasol etc.)
6. the steam of a plough
7. "a mast" » महादण्डधर (mahādaṇḍa-dhara)
8. the crossbar of a lute which holds the strings
9. the stick with which a lute is played
10. a churning-stick (compare दण्डाहत (daṇḍā*hata))
11. a pole as a measure of length (= 4 hastas)
12. name of a measure of time (= 60 विकला (vi-kalā)s)
13. name of a staff-like appearance in the sky ("Name of a planet" L.; compare दण्डभास (daṇḍa-bhāsa))
14. name of a constellation
15. a form of military array (compare दण्डव्युह (daṇḍa-vyuha))
16. line
17. staff or sceptre as a symbol of power and sovereignty, application of power, violence
18. power over (genitive or in compound), control, restraint (compare वाग्दण्ड (vāg-daṇḍa), मनोदण्ड (mano-daṇḍa), कायदण्ड (kāya-daṇḍa) [कर्मदण्ड (karma-daṇḍa)]; त्रिदण्डिन् (tri-daṇḍin))
19. the rod as a symbol of judicial authority and punishment, punishment (corporal, verbal, and fiscal; chastisement and imprisonment, reprimand, fine)
20. pride
21. horse
22. Punishment (son of Dharma and Kriyā)
23. Yama
24. Shiva
25. name of an attendant of the Sun
26. (g. शिवादि (śivā*di) and शौनकादि (śaunakā*di)) name of a man with the patronymic औपर (aupara)
27. name of a prince slain by Arjuna (brother of दण्डधर (daṇḍa-dhara), identified with the asura क्रोधहन्तृ (krodha-hantṛ))
28. name of a rakṣas

• दण्डक (daṇḍaka)
• दण्डन (daṇḍana)
• दण्डनीति (daṇḍanīti)
• दण्डयात्रा (daṇḍayātrā)

• Assamese: ডাঁৰ (dãr)
• → Assamese: দণ্ড (dondo)
• → Bengali: দণ্ড (dôṇḍ)
• → Burmese: ဒဏ် (dan)
• → Hindi: दंड (daṇḍ)
• → Indonesian: denda
• → Khmer: ទណ្ឌ (tŭəndɔɔ)
• → Lao: ທັນ (than)
• → Malay: denda
• Pali: daṇḍa
• → Telugu: దండము (daṇḍamu)
• → Thai: ทัณฑ์ (than)
• → Urdu: دنڈ‎

• Monier Williams (1899), “दण्ड”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 0466.
• Witzel, Michael (1999), “Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)”, in (Please provide the title of the work)‎, archived from the original on 6 February 2012, retrieved 20 December 2008, Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies, 5 (1).