ḏbꜥ

Egyptian
Egyptian numbers (edit)
100000
𓂭
10,000
1000
    Cardinal: ḏbꜥ
    Ordinal: mḥ-ḏbꜥ

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /cʼaˈbaʕ/ → /tʼaˈbaʕ/ → /tʼəˈβaʕ/

Numeral
  1. ten thousand
Inflection
Declension of ḏbꜥ
masculine feminine
singular ḏbꜥ
 —
Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲑⲃⲁ (thba)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲃⲁ (tba)

Noun

 m

  1. (anatomy) a finger (inclusive of the thumb) [since the Pyramid Texts]
  2. (anatomy, Late Egyptian) a digit: a finger, thumb, or toe
  3. (units of measure) a digit: a measure of length equal to 1⁄28 cubit (about 1.88 cm). [since the Old Kingdom]
Usage notes
In Old Egyptian the sign
in this word was generally mirrored compared to the orientation shown here. Later writings use the unmirrored orientation.
Inflection
Declension of ḏbꜥ (masculine)
singular ḏbꜥ
dual ḏbꜥwj
plural ḏbꜥw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏbꜥ  

ḏbꜥ ḏbꜥ ḏbꜥ
[Old Kingdom and Late Period] [chiefly since the Middle Kingdom] [chiefly since the New Kingdom]
in papyri
Derived terms
  • ḏbꜥwt (“signet”)
  • jr ḏbꜥwj (“next to, at one’s side”)
Descendants
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲃ (tēb)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲧⲏⲏⲃⲉ (tēēbe)

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive with m) to point one’s finger at, especially in reproach or objection [Middle Kingdom]
  2. (transitive, with the heart as object) to rebuke (one’s heart) [Book of the Dead]
Inflection
Conjugation of ḏbꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḏbꜥ, geminated stem: ḏbꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥt
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḏbꜥ
 ḥr ḏbꜥ
 m ḏbꜥ
 r ḏbꜥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 consecutive ḏbꜥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḏbꜥt
perfective3 ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative ḏbꜥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥꜥ
 potentialis ḏbꜥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5, ḏbꜥy5
imperfective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥy, ḏbꜥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥj6, ḏbꜥy6
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5
prospective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥtj7
 — ḏbꜥtj4, ḏbꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Derived terms

Pronunciation

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to seal up (wine or grain)
  2. (transitive) to seal, to place a seal upon (+ m or + ḥr: to seal with)
Inflection
Conjugation of ḏbꜥ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ḏbꜥ, geminated stem: ḏbꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥt
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḏbꜥ
 ḥr ḏbꜥ
 m ḏbꜥ
 r ḏbꜥ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 ḏbꜥw, ḏbꜥ
 consecutive ḏbꜥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḏbꜥt
perfective3 ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative ḏbꜥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥꜥ
 potentialis ḏbꜥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḏbꜥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḏbꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5, ḏbꜥy5
imperfective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥy, ḏbꜥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥj6, ḏbꜥy6
 ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥw5
prospective ḏbꜥ, ḏbꜥtj7
 — ḏbꜥtj4, ḏbꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḏbꜥ  
ḏbꜥ
[Late Period]

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 105 page 101–102, 105.
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 321
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1931) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 562.11–566.4, 566.12–566.15, 567.2–567.3
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 42, 46, 71
  2. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 44
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