ἄλοχος

Ancient Greek

ἁ- (ha-, alpha copulativum) +‎ λόχος (lókhos, “lying down”). The initial /h/ of the prefix is lost due to Grassmann's Law.

ᾰ̓́λοχος • (álokhos) f (genitive ᾰ̓λόχου); second declension

partner of one's bed, wife
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 5.209–210:
  .... ῑ̔μειρόμενός περ ἰδέσθαι
  σὴν ἄλοχον, τῆς τ' αἰὲν ἐέλδεαι ἤματα πάντα.
  .... hīmeirómenós per idésthai
  sḕn álokhon, tês t' aièn eéldeai ḗmata pánta.
  [Calypso speaking to Odysseus:]
  ... even though you desire to see
  your wife, and you always long for her every day.
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.114
- 472 BCE, Aeschylus, The Persians 63
- 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 181
- 480 BCE – 406 BCE, Euripides, Fragments 543
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Politics 1.1253b.7
- Theodect. 13
concubine
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.336
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.623

Second declension of ἡ ᾰ̓́λοχος; τῆς ᾰ̓λόχου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ᾰ̓́λοχος hē álokhos	τὼ ᾰ̓λόχω tṑ alókhō	αἱ ᾰ̓́λοχοι hai álokhoi
Genitive	τῆς ᾰ̓λόχου tês alókhou	τοῖν ᾰ̓λόχοιν toîn alókhoin	τῶν ᾰ̓λόχων tôn alókhōn
Dative	τῇ ᾰ̓λόχῳ têi alókhōi	τοῖν ᾰ̓λόχοιν toîn alókhoin	ταῖς ᾰ̓λόχοις taîs alókhois
Accusative	τὴν ᾰ̓́λοχον tḕn álokhon	τὼ ᾰ̓λόχω tṑ alókhō	τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓λόχους tā̀s alókhous
Vocative	ᾰ̓́λοχε álokhe	ᾰ̓λόχω alókhō	ᾰ̓́λοχοι álokhoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

ἀ- (a-, alpha privativum) +‎ λέχος (lékhos, “marriage bed”)

ᾰ̓́λοχος • (álokhos) f (genitive ᾰ̓λόχου); second declension

unwed
- 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 149b
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 11.155

Second declension of ἡ ᾰ̓́λοχος; τῆς ᾰ̓λόχου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ᾰ̓́λοχος hē álokhos	τὼ ᾰ̓λόχω tṑ alókhō	αἱ ᾰ̓́λοχοι hai álokhoi
Genitive	τῆς ᾰ̓λόχου tês alókhou	τοῖν ᾰ̓λόχοιν toîn alókhoin	τῶν ᾰ̓λόχων tôn alókhōn
Dative	τῇ ᾰ̓λόχῳ têi alókhōi	τοῖν ᾰ̓λόχοιν toîn alókhoin	ταῖς ᾰ̓λόχοις taîs alókhois
Accusative	τὴν ᾰ̓́λοχον tḕn álokhon	τὼ ᾰ̓λόχω tṑ alókhō	τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓λόχους tā̀s alókhous
Vocative	ᾰ̓́λοχε álokhe	ᾰ̓λόχω alókhō	ᾰ̓́λοχοι álokhoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

ἄλοχος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἄλοχος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἄλοχος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἄλοχος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
ἄλοχος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἄλοχος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
ἄλοχος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- bedfellow idem, page 69.
- consort idem, page 164.
- spouse idem, page 805.
- wife idem, page 978.

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