ⲥⲁϫⲓ

Coptic

Alternative forms

ⲥⲉϫⲉ (seje) – Akhmimic
ϣⲁϫⲉ (šaje) – Sahidic

Etymology

From Demotic sḏy (“to speak, to tell”), from Egyptian sḏd (“to recount”)

, related to ḏd (“to speak, say”).

Noun

ⲥⲁϫⲓ (saji) m (plural identical to singular)

(Bohairic) word

Verb

ⲥⲁϫⲓ (saji)

(Bohairic, transitive) to speak
(Bohairic, transitive) to declare
(Bohairic, transitive) to preach

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲥⲁϫⲓ (Bohairic dialect)(See Appendix:Coptic verbs)

		singular					plural			Nominative
infinitive		ⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ esaji	negative infinitive		ⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ eštemsaji
imperative		ⲥⲁϫⲓ saji	negative imperative		ⲙⲡⲉⲣⲥⲁϫⲓ mpersaji
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
present	simple present	ϯⲥⲁϫⲓ tisaji	ⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ ksaji	ⲧⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ tesaji	ϥⲥⲁϫⲓ fsaji	ⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ ssaji	ⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ tensaji	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ tetensaji	ⲥⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ sesaji	ⲥⲁϫⲓ saji
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ eisaji	ⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ eksaji	ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ eresaji	ⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ efsaji	ⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ essaji	ⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ensaji	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ eretensaji	ⲉⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ eusaji	ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ ere - saji
	focalising	ⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ aisaji	ⲁⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ aksaji	ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ aresaji	ⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ afsaji	ⲁⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ assaji	ⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ansaji	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ aretensaji	ⲁⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ausaji	ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ are - saji
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ naisaji	ⲛⲁⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ naksaji	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ naresaji	ⲛⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ nafsaji	ⲛⲁⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ nassaji	ⲛⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ nansaji	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ naretensaji	ⲛⲁⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ nausaji	ⲛⲁⲣⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ nare - saji
	relative	ⲉϯⲥⲁϫⲓ etisaji	ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ eteksaji	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ etesaji	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ etefsaji	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ etessaji	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ etensaji	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ etetensaji	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ etousaji	ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ ete - saji
future	simple future	ϯⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ tinasaji	ⲭⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ khnasaji	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ tenasaji	ϥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ fnasaji	ⲥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ snasaji	ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ tennasaji	ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ tetenasaji	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ senasaji	ⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ nasaji
	circumstantial	ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ einasaji	ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ ekhnasaji	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ erenasaji	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ efnasaji	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ esnasaji	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ ennasaji	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ eretennasaji	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ eunasaji	ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ ere - nasaji
	focalising	ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ ainasaji	ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ akhnasaji	ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ arenasaji	ⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ afnasaji	ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ asnasaji	ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ annasaji	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ aretennasaji	ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ aunasaji	ⲁⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ are - nasaji
	preterite	ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ nainasaji	ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ nakhnasaji	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ narenasaji	ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ nafnasaji	ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ nasnasaji	ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ nannasaji	ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ naretennasaji	ⲛaⲩⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ naunasaji	ⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ nare - nasaji
	unreal conditional	ⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ enainasaji	ⲉⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ enakhnasaji	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ enarenasaji	ⲉⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ enafnasaji	ⲉⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ enasnasaji	ⲉⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ enannasaji	ⲉⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ enaretennasaji	ⲉⲛaⲩⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ enaunasaji	ⲉⲛaⲣⲉ - ⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ enare - nasaji
	relative	ⲉϯⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ etinasaji	ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ etekhnasaji	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ etenasaji	ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ etefnasaji	ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ etesnasaji	ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ etennasaji	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ etetennasaji	ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ etounasaji	ⲉⲧⲉ - ⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ ete - nasaji
Non-durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
past	affirmative	ⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ aisaji	ⲁⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ aksaji	ⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ aresaji	ⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ afsaji	ⲁⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ assaji	ⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ansaji	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ aretensaji	ⲁⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ ausaji	ⲁ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ a - saji
	negative	ⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ mpisaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ mpeksaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ mpesaji	ⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ mpefsaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ mpessaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ mpensaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ mpetensaji	ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ mpousaji	ⲙⲡⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ mpe - saji
	affirmative preterite	ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ neaisaji	ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ neaksaji	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ nearesaji	ⲛⲉⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ neafsaji	ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ neassaji	ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ neansaji	ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ nearetensaji	ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ neausaji	ⲛⲉⲁ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ nea - saji
	negative preterite	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ nempisaji	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ nempeksaji	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ nempesaji	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ nempefsaji	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ nempessaji	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ nempensaji	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ nempetensaji	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ nempousaji	ⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ nempe - saji
	circumstantial	ⲉⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ eaisaji	ⲉⲁⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ eaksaji	ⲉⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ easaji	ⲉⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ eafsaji	ⲉⲁⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ eassaji	ⲉⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ eansaji	ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ eatetensaji	ⲉⲁⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ eausaji	ⲉⲁ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ ea - saji
	focalising, relative, precursive	ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ etaisaji	ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ etaksaji	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ etaresaji	ⲉⲧⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ etafsaji	ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ etassaji	ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ etansaji	ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ etaretensaji	ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ etausaji	ⲉⲧⲁ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ eta - saji
aorist	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ šaisaji	ϣⲁⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ šaksaji	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ šaresaji	ϣⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ šafsaji	ϣⲁⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ šassaji	ϣⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ šansaji	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ šaretensaji	ϣⲁⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ šausaji	ϣⲁⲣⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ šare - saji
aorist	negative	ⲙⲡⲁⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ mpaisaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ mpaksaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ mparesaji	ⲙⲡⲁϥⲥⲁϫⲓ mpafsaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ mpassaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ mpansaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ mparetensaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ mpausaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲣⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ mpare - saji
optative	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ eiesaji	ⲉⲕⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ ekesaji	ⲉⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ eresaji	ⲉϥⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ efesaji	ⲉⲥⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ esesaji	ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ enesaji	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ eretenesaji	ⲉⲩⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ euesaji	ⲉⲣⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ ere - saji
optative	negative	ⲛⲛⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ nnasaji	ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ nneksaji	ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ nnesaji	ⲛⲛⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ nnefsaji	ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ nnessaji	ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ nnensaji	ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ nnetensaji	ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ nnousaji	ⲛⲛⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ nne - saji
jussive, causative	affirmative jussive	ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ marisaji	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ mareksaji	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ maresaji	ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ marefsaji	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ maressaji	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ marensaji	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ maretensaji	ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ marousaji	ⲙⲁⲣⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ mare - saji
	affirmative causative	ⲑⲣⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ thrisaji	ⲑⲣⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ threksaji	ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ thresaji	ⲑⲣⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ threfsaji	ⲑⲣⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ thressaji	ⲑⲣⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ thrensaji	ⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ thretensaji	ⲑⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ throusaji	ⲑⲣⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ thre - saji
	negative jussive, negative causative	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲥⲁϫⲓ mpenthrisaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ mpenthreksaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ mpenthresaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ mpenthrefsaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ mpenthressaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ mpenthrensaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ mpenthretensaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ mpenthrousaji	ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ mpenthre - saji
Subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟⲕ	ⲛⲑⲟ	ⲛⲑⲟϥ	ⲛⲑⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ	ⲛⲑⲱⲟⲩ	-
real conditional	affirmative	ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ aišansaji	ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ akšansaji	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ arešansaji	ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ afšansaji	ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ asšansaji	ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ anšansaji	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ aretenšansaji	ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ aušansaji	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ arešan - saji
real conditional	negative	ⲁⲓϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ aištemsaji	ⲁⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ akštemsaji	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ areštemsaji	ⲁϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ afštemsaji	ⲁⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ asštemsaji	ⲁⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ anštemsaji	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ aretenštemsaji	ⲁⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ auštemsaji	ⲁⲣⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ areštem - saji
conjunctive	affirmative	ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲁϫⲓ ntasaji	ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ nteksaji	ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ ntesaji	ⲛⲧⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ ntefsaji	ⲛⲧⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ ntessaji	ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ntensaji	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ ntetensaji	ⲛⲥⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ, ⲛⲧⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ nsesaji, ntousaji	ⲛⲧⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ nte - saji
conjunctive	negative	ⲛⲧⲁϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ ntaštemsaji	ⲛⲧⲉⲕϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ ntekštemsaji	ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ nteštemsaji	ⲛⲧⲉϥϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ ntefštemsaji	ⲛⲧⲉⲥϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ ntesštemsaji	ⲛⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ ntenštemsaji	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ ntetenštemsaji	ⲛⲧⲟⲩϣⲧⲉⲙⲥⲁϫⲓ ntouštemsaji	ⲛⲧⲉϣⲧⲉⲙ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ nteštem - saji
limitive, expectative	limitative	ϣⲁϯⲥⲁϫⲓ šatisaji	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ šateksaji	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ šatesaji	ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ šatefsaji	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ šatessaji	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ šatensaji	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ šatetensaji	ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ šatousaji	ϣⲁⲧⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ šate - saji
limitive, expectative	expectative	ⲙⲡⲁϯⲥⲁϫⲓ mpatisaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲥⲁϫⲓ mpateksaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁϫⲓ mpatesaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ mpatefsaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲥⲁϫⲓ mpatessaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ mpatensaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲥⲁϫⲓ mpatetensaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲥⲁϫⲓ mpatousaji	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ - ⲥⲁϫⲓ mpate - saji

Derived terms

ⲣⲉϥⲥⲁϫⲓ (refsaji)

References

Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN

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