させる

Japanese

Etymology 1

From Classical Japanese さす (sasu), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”).

Some linguists suggest that させる is a variant of せる, where a reduplicative "s" is added to avoid vowel clusters. (e.g. 食べる + せる → *tabe- + *-ase- → *tabease- + *tabesase- → 食べさせる)

Suffix

させる (ichidan conjugation, rōmaji -saseru)

  1. (jodōshi) Used to form the causative of verbs.
    1. Expresses causation: to make ... do ...
Conjugation
Conjugation of "させる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) させ -sase
Continuative (連用形) させ -sase
Terminal (終止形) させる -saseru
Attributive (連体形) させる -saseru
Hypothetical (仮定形) させれ -sasere
Imperative (命令形) させよ¹
させろ²		 -saseyo¹
-sasero²
Key constructions
Passive させられる -saserareru
Causative － －
Potential させられる
させれる³		 -saserareru
-sasereru³
Volitional させよう -saseyō
Negative させない
させぬ
させん		 -sasenai
-sasenu
-sasen
Negative continuative させず -sasezu
Formal させます -sasemasu
Perfective させた -saseta
Conjunctive させて -sasete
Hypothetical conditional させれば -sasereba
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Usage notes

Attaches only to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of Group II (ichidan) verbs and the irregular verb 来 (く)る (kuru). The result is conjugated like a Group II (ichidan) verb.

  • 起 (お)きる (okiru) → 起 (お)きさせる (oki-saseru), 起 (お)きさせます (oki-sasemasu), etc.
  • 食 (た)べる (taberu) → 食 (た)べさせる (tabe-saseru), 食 (た)べさせます (tabe-sasemasu), etc.
  • 来 (く)る (kuru) → 来 (こ)させる (ko-saseru), 来 (こ)させます (ko-sasemasu), etc.

The passive form of verbs from other conjugation classes are formed with せる (-seru) instead of させる (-saseru).

In colloquial speech, させる (-saseru) can be contracted to さす (-sasu), which follows 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quinquigrade conjugation”).

See also

Verb

させる (rōmaji saseru)

  1. causative of する (suru)
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