五段活用

Japanese
Kanji in this term
五 段 活 用
ご
Grade: 1		 だん
Grade: 6		 かつ
Grade: 2		 よう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

Etymology

A compound of 五段 (godan, “quintigrade, five grades”) +‎ 活用 (katsuyō, “conjugation”). An extension of the earlier 四段活用 (yodan katsuyō, “quadrigrade conjugation”) class. The fifth base, -o, is a pseudo-base derived from the suffix -u attaching to the irrealis conjugation stem that ends in -a, resulting in -au, which phonologically regularly elides into [oː].

Pronunciation
  • On’yomi
    • (Tokyo) ごだんか​つよー [gòdáń káꜜtsùyòò] (Nakadaka – [4])[1]
    • IPA(key): [ɡo̞dã̠ŋ ka̠t͡sɨᵝjo̞ː]

Noun

五段活用 (hiragana ごだんかつよう, rōmaji godan katsuyō)

  1. (grammar) a verbal conjugation class consisting of five alternating bases: -a, -i, -u, -e, -o; see Etymology on note about the fifth base -o. Examples:
Irrealis Adverbial Conclusive Attributive Realis Imperative
sak- sak-a sak-i sak-u sak-u sak-e sak-e
kak- kak-a kak-i kak-u kak-u kak-e kak-e
yom- yom-a yom-i yom-u yom-u yom-e yom-e

See also

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.