上一段活用
Japanese
Etymology
| Kanji in this term | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 上 | 一 | 段 | 活 | 用 |
| かみ Grade: 1 |
いち Grade: 1 |
だん Grade: 6 |
かつ Grade: 2 |
よう Grade: 2 |
| yutōyomi | ||||
A compound of 上一段 (kami ichidan, “upper single grade”) and 活用 (katsuyō, “conjugation”). Upper bigrade verbs regularly become upper monograde. The "upper" notation refers to the -i stem which comes before the "lower" -e in Japanese order.
Pronunciation
Noun
上一段活用 (hiragana かみいちだんかつよう, rōmaji kami ichidan katsuyō, historical hiragana かみいちだんくわつよう)
- (grammar) upper monograde conjugation; a verbal conjugation class in which the verb stem ends in -i and the various inflections are -/-/ru/ru/re/[yo, ro]. Examples:
| Irrealis | Adverbial | Conclusive | Attributive | Realis | Imperative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mi- "to see" | mi- | mi- | mi-ru | mi-ru | mi-re | mi-[yo] mi-[ro] |
| ki- "to wear" | ki- | ki- | ki-ru | ki-ru | ki-re | ki-[yo] ki-[ro] |
| ni- "to resemble" | ni- | ni- | ni-ru | ni-ru | ni-re | ni-[yo] ni-[ro] |
Related terms
See also
- 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō)
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