下一段活用
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 下 | 一 | 段 | 活 | 用 |
| しも Grade: 1 |
いち Grade: 1 |
だん Grade: 6 |
かつ Grade: 2 |
よう Grade: 2 |
| yutōyomi | ||||
Etymology
A compound of 下一段 (shimo ichidan, “lower monograde”) and 活用 (katsuyō, “conjugation”). All earlier lower bigrade verbs turn into lower monograde. Lower refers to the -e stem and contrasts with the upper -i. Monograde refers to the one-way -e, contrasting with the two-way e/u variation in bigrades.
Pronunciation
Noun
下一段活用 (hiragana しもいちだんかつよう, rōmaji shimo ichidan katsuyō, historical hiragana しもいちだんくわつよう)
- (grammar) lower monograde conjugation; a verbal conjugation class in which the stem ends in -e and has the following inflections: -/-/ru/ru/re/ro. Examples:
| Irrealis | Adverbial | Conclusive | Attributive | Realis | Imperative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| uke- "to receive" | uke- | uke- | uke-ru | uke-ru | uke-re | uke-ro |
| nige- "to flee" | nige- | nige- | nige-ru | nige-ru | nige-re | nige-ro |
| tabe- "to eat" | tabe- | tabe- | tabe-ru | tabe-ru | tabe-re | tabe-ro |
Related terms
See also
- 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō)
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