与える
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 与 |
| あた Grade: S |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
/*ataperu/ → /ataɸeru/ → /ataheru/ → /ataeru/
Derived as the potential form of archaic and literary verb atau (“to put into continued contact with”), from imperfective form ata of root verb atsu (modern ateru: 当てる, “to put one thing against another”) + auxiliary verb ふ (fu, indicating repetition or ongoing state).[1]
Original meaning was “to give something appropriate or fitting to another person”.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "与える" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 与え | あたえ | atae | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 与え | あたえ | atae | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 与える | あたえる | ataeru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 与える | あたえる | ataeru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 与えれ | あたえれ | ataere | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 与えよ¹ 与えろ² |
あたえよ¹ あたえろ² |
ataeyo¹ ataero² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 与えられる | あたえられる | ataerareru | |
| Causative | 与えさせる 与えさす |
あたえさせる あたえさす |
ataesaseru ataesasu | |
| Potential | 与えられる 与えれる³ |
あたえられる あたえれる³ |
ataerareru ataereru³ | |
| Volitional | 与えよう | あたえよう | ataeyō | |
| Negative | 与えない 与えぬ 与えん |
あたえない あたえぬ あたえん |
ataenai ataenu ataen | |
| Negative continuative | 与えず | あたえず | ataezu | |
| Formal | 与えます | あたえます | ataemasu | |
| Perfective | 与えた | あたえた | ataeta | |
| Conjunctive | 与えて | あたえて | ataete | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 与えれば | あたえれば | ataereba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Related terms
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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