光る

Japanese

Kanji in this term
光
ひか Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Etymology

/pi₁ karu/ → /pikaru/ → /fikaru/ → /hikaru/

From Old Japanese. Possibly compound of 日 (hi, “sun”) + 借る (karu, “to borrow”). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) ひかる [hìkáꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [2])[1]
- IPA^(key): [çika̠ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Verb

光る (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana ひかる, rōmaji hikaru)

to shine, twinkle, sparkle, gleam
ピカピカ光 (ひか)る
pikapika hikaru
to glitter
shine, stand out, be excellent

Conjugation

Conjugation of "光る" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	光ら	ひから	hikara
Continuative (連用形)	光り	ひかり	hikari
Terminal (終止形)	光る	ひかる	hikaru
Attributive (連体形)	光る	ひかる	hikaru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	光れ	ひかれ	hikare
Imperative (命令形)	光れ	ひかれ	hikare
Key constructions
Passive	光られる	ひかられる	hikarareru
Causative	光らせる光らす	ひからせるひからす	hikaraseru hikarasu
Potential	光れる	ひかれる	hikareru
Volitional	光ろう	ひかろう	hikarō
Negative	光らない	ひからない	hikaranai
Negative continuative	光らず	ひからず	hikarazu
Formal	光ります	ひかります	hikarimasu
Perfective	光った	ひかった	hikatta
Conjunctive	光って	ひかって	hikatte
Hypothetical conditional	光れば	ひかれば	hikareba

Synonyms

輝 (かがや)く (kagayaku)
照 (て)る (teru)

Derived terms

風 (かぜ)光 (ひか)る (kazehikaru, “springlike; like wind blowing through the spring sunshine”)
光 (ひかり) (hikari): shine

Related terms

ぴかぴか (pikapika): glitteringly, sparklingly
ぴかり (pikari): glitteringly, sparklingly
ピカチュウ (Pikachū): Pikachu
光 (ぴか)一 (いち) (pikaichi)

References

2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

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