函

See also: 凾

函	U+51FD, 函 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51FD

← 凼
[U+51FC]

CJK Unified Ideographs

凾 →
[U+51FE]

Translingual

Han character

函 (radical 17, 凵+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 山弓水 (UNE) or 弓山水 (NUE), four-corner 1077₂)

References

KangXi: page 135, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1826
Dae Jaweon: page 303, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 309, character 9
Unihan data for U+51FD

Chinese

simp. and trad.		函
variant forms		圅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 函
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (函) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
蜬	kuːm, ɡuːm
函	ɡuːm, ɡruːm
涵	ɡuːm, ɡuːmʔ
顄	ɡuːm, ɡuːmʔ
圅	*ɡuːm
菡	*ɡuːmʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hán (han²)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): haam⁴
Min Nan (POJ): hâm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: hán
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˊ
  - Wade–Giles: han²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: harn
  - IPA ^(key): /xän³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haam⁴
  - Yale: hàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /häːm²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
  - Tâi-lô: hâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haam
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ham²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ham²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ham²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦʌm/, /ɦˠɛm/▼

Rime
Character	函	函
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	胡男切	胡讒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʌm/	/ɦˠɛm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəm/	/ɦᵚæm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɒm/	/ɣɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəm/	/ɦəɨm/
Li Rong	/ɣᴀm/	/ɣɐm/
Wang Li	/ɣɒm/	/ɣɐm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăm/	/ɣăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hán	xián

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə-m-kˤ[ə]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːm/, /*ɡruːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	函
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hán
Middle Chinese	‹ hom ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə-m-kˁ[ə]m/
English	envelop, contain
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	函	函
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4861	4869
Phonetic component	函	函
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	含	咸
Old Chinese	/*ɡuːm/	/*ɡruːm/

Definitions

函

Compounds

三角函數／三角函数 (sānjiǎo hánshù)
二次函數／二次函数
來函／来函 (láihán)
便函 (biànhán)
信函 (xìnhán)
修函
偶函數／偶函数 (ǒuhánshù)
公函 (gōnghán)
函丈
函人 (hánrén)
函件 (hánjiàn)
函告
函夏
函弘
函授 (hánshòu)
函授學校／函授学校
函數／函数 (hánshù)
函洞
函牘／函牍
函甲

函請／函请
函谷關／函谷关 (Hángǔ Guān)
函購／函购
函道
函電／函电
函館／函馆 (Hánguǎn)
初等函數／初等函数
匭函
去函
回函
存證信函／存证信函
密函
寶函／宝函
導函數／导函数
崤函 (Xiáo Hán)
席間函丈／席间函丈
廣告函件／广告函件
指數函數／指数函数 (zhǐshù hánshù)
書函／书函
有理函數／有理函数

泥封函谷
淵鑑類函／渊鉴类函
玉函
琅函
瑤函／瑶函
瑯函／琅函
發函／发函 (fāhán)
私函
空函
箋函／笺函
線型函數／线型函数
肅函／肃函
致函
臺函／台函
解析函數／解析函数
謝函／谢函
賀函／贺函
通函
鮫函／鲛函
黑函 (hēihán)

Japanese

Kanji

函

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings

Go-on: ごん (gon)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kun: はこ (hako, 函); いれる (ireru, 函れる)

Compounds

函館 (はこだて) (Hakodate)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
函
はこ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Noun

函 (hiragana はこ, rōmaji hako)

Alternative spelling of 箱

Korean

Hanja

函 (eum 함 (ham))

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Vietnamese

Han character

函: Hán Nôm readings: hòm, hàm

References

Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)

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