切磋琢磨
Chinese
to cut and polish; to compare notes; to learn from each other to carve and polish; to polish and refine a literary work simp. and trad.
(切磋琢磨)切磋 琢磨 variant forms 切瑳琢磨
Pronunciation
Idiom
切磋琢磨
- (original meaning) to carve and polish (bones, horns, ivory and jade)
- (figuratively) to learn by exchanging ideas and experiences; friendly competition; improvement by learning from others
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 切 | 磋 | 琢 | 磨 |
| せつ > せっ Grade: 2 |
さ Hyōgaiji |
たく Jinmeiyō |
ま Grade: S |
| on’yomi | |||
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 切磋琢磨.
Noun
切磋琢磨 (hiragana せっさたくま, rōmaji sessatakuma)
- applying oneself and studying hard to cultivate oneself
- Friendly competition, improving oneself by learning from others.
Verb
切磋琢磨する (hiragana せっさたくまする, rōmaji sessatakuma suru)
- apply oneself and study hard to improve oneself
- Try to improve by learning from others, apply oneself to closely to someone.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "切磋琢磨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 切磋琢磨し | せっさたくまし | sessatakuma shi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 切磋琢磨し | せっさたくまし | sessatakuma shi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 切磋琢磨する | せっさたくまする | sessatakuma suru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 切磋琢磨する | せっさたくまする | sessatakuma suru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 切磋琢磨すれ | せっさたくますれ | sessatakuma sure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 切磋琢磨せよ¹ 切磋琢磨しろ² |
せっさたくませよ¹ せっさたくましろ² |
sessatakuma seyo¹ sessatakuma shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 切磋琢磨される | せっさたくまされる | sessatakuma sareru | |
| Causative | 切磋琢磨させる 切磋琢磨さす |
せっさたくまさせる せっさたくまさす |
sessatakuma saseru sessatakuma sasu | |
| Potential | 切磋琢磨できる | せっさたくまできる | sessatakuma dekiru | |
| Volitional | 切磋琢磨しよう | せっさたくましよう | sessatakuma shiyō | |
| Negative | 切磋琢磨しない | せっさたくましない | sessatakuma shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 切磋琢磨せず | せっさたくませず | sessatakuma sezu | |
| Formal | 切磋琢磨します | せっさたくまします | sessatakuma shimasu | |
| Perfective | 切磋琢磨した | せっさたくました | sessatakuma shita | |
| Conjunctive | 切磋琢磨して | せっさたくまして | sessatakuma shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 切磋琢磨すれば | せっさたくますれば | sessatakuma sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- The Kōjien (広辞苑) Dictionary of the Japanese Language, 5th edition, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, Tokyo.
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