孫

See also: 孙

孫	U+5B6B, 孫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B6B

← 孪
[U+5B6A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

孬 →
[U+5B6C]

Translingual

Han character

孫 (radical 39, 子+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 弓木竹女火 (NDHVF), four-corner 1249₃, composition ⿰子系)

Derived characters

遜, 愻, 蓀

References

KangXi: page 279, character 23
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6987
Dae Jaweon: page 548, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1016, character 5
Unihan data for U+5B6B

Chinese

trad.		孫
simp.		孙

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (孫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
孫	*suːn
猻	*suːn
蓀	*suːn
搎	*suːn
遜	*suːns
愻	*suːns

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 子 (“son”) + 系 (“continue”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): sūn (sun¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): syun¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sûn

(Meixian, Guangdong): sun¹
Min Dong (BUC): sŏng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): sun / sng / suiⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): sung¹ / seng¹
Wu (Wiktionary): sen (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: sūn
  - Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣ
  - Wade–Giles: sun¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: suen
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sun
  - IPA ^(key): /swən⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: syun¹
  - Yale: syūn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: syn¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xun¹
  - IPA ^(key): /ʃyːn⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sûn
  - Hakka Romanization System: sun´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sun¹
  - IPA: /sun²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sun¹
  - IPA: /sun⁴⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sŏng
  - IPA ^(key): /souŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sun
  - Tâi-lô: sun
  - Phofsit Daibuun: swn
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /sun⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sun³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, dated in Xiamen, dated in Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
  - Tâi-lô: sng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /sŋ̍⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: suiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: suinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svuy
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ⁴⁴/

Note:

sng/suiⁿ - vernacular (surname);
sun - literary (all sense, including surname, except in Zhangzhou).

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sung¹ / seng¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sung / sṳng
  - IPA ^(key): /suŋ³³/, /sɯŋ³³/

Note:

seng1 - surname;
sung1 - other senses.

Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: sen (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /səɲ⁵³/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 孫
Mandarin	Beijing	/suən⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/suən⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/suən²¹/
	Jinan	/suẽ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/suə̃²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/suən²⁴/
	Xi'an	/suẽ²¹/
	Xining	/suə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/sũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/sən²¹³/
	Chengdu	/sən⁵⁵/ /suən⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/sen⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/suə̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/sun³¹/
	Hefei	/sən²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/suəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/suŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/sũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/səŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/sən⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩ʷen³³/
	Wenzhou	/sø³³/
Hui	Shexian	/sʌ̃³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/suːə¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/sən³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/sən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/sun⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/sun⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/sun²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/syn⁵³/
	Nanning	/ɬyn⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/syn⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/sun⁵⁵/ /sŋ̍⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/souŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/sɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/suŋ³³/ /sɯŋ³³/ 姓
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/sun²³/ /tun²³/

Middle Chinese: /suən/▼

Rime
Character	孫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	魂 (55)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	思渾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suən/
Pan Wuyun	/suon/
Shao Rongfen	/suən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swən/
Li Rong	/suən/
Wang Li	/suən/
Bernard Karlgren	/suən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sūn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤu[n]/

(Zhengzhang): /*suːn/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孫
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sūn
Middle Chinese	‹ swon ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ˁu[n]/
English	grandchild; descendant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孫
Reading #	1/1
No.	12178
Phonetic component	孫
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	孫
Old Chinese	/*suːn/

Definitions

孫

grandchild (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
(literary or dialectal) grandson (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
(chiefly Min) fraternal nephew
descendant
A surname, listed third in the Baijiaxing
孫中山 / 孙中山 ― Sūn Zhōngshān ― Sun Yat-sen (provisionally served as the first president of the Republic of China)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 孫子 (“grandson (son's son)”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		孫, 孫兒
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		孫子, 內孫
Mandarin	Beijing	孫子, 孫夥計
	Taiwan	孫子
	Harbin	孫子
	Jinan	孫子兒, 孫子
	Muping	孫子
	Luoyang	孫子, 孫兒
	Wanrong	裡甥子, 孫子
	Xi'an	孫子
	Zhengzhou	孫兒
	Xining	孫娃子
	Xuzhou	孫子, 孫兒
	Yinchuan	孫子
	Lanzhou	孫娃子, 男孫子
	Ürümqi	孫子
	Wuhan	孫子, 孫娃子 young, dated
	Huanggang	孫兒
	Chengdu	孫兒, 家孫兒
	Guiyang	孫孫
	Guilin	孫子
	Liuzhou	孫子, 孫崽, 孫
	Kunming	孫子
	Yangzhou	孫子
	Nanjing	孫子
	Hefei	孫子
	Nantong	孫子, 孫兒
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	孫子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	孫, 孫仔
	Hong Kong	孫, 孫仔
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	孫
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	孫
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	孫仔
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	孫仔
	Macau	孫
	Panyu	孫
	Huadu (Huashan)	孫
	Conghua	孫
	Zengcheng	孫
	Foshan	孫
	Nanhai (Shatou)	孫
	Shunde	孫
	Sanshui	孫
	Gaoming (Mingcheng)	孫
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	孫
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	孫
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	孫
	Doumen	孫
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	孫
	Xinhui	孫
	Taishan	孫
	Kaiping (Chikan)	孫
	Enping (Niujiang)	孫
	Heshan (Yayao)	孫
	Dongguan	孫
	Bao'an (Shajing)	孫
	Shaoguan	孫
	Yunfu	孫
	Yangjiang	孫
	Xinyi	孫
	Lianjiang	孫
	Nanning	孫, 孫仔
	Wuzhou	孫, 孫仔
	Yulin	孫
	Hepu	孫
	Danzhou	兒孫
	Kuala Lumpur	孫仔
Gan	Nanchang	孫子
	Lichuan	孫崽
	Pingxiang	孫, 孫子
Hakka	Meixian	孫仔
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	阿孫, 孫
	Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua)	阿孫
	Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua)	阿孫
	Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua)	阿孫
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	孫仔
	Longmen (Pingling Bendihua)	孫
	Longmen (Luxi Bendihua)	孫
	Boluo (Bendihua)	男孫
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	孫仔
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	孫仔, 孫子
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	孫子
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	孫子
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	孫哩
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	孫哩
	Wuhua (Changbu)	孫哩
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	孫哩
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	阿孫
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	孫
	Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua)	孫
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	孫
	Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua)	阿孫
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	孫
	Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua)	阿孫
	Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua)	孫
	Liannan	孫子
	Conghua (Lütian)	孫仔
	Jiexi	阿孫
	Luchuan	孫
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	孫子
	Changting	孫哩
	Ninghua	孫哩
	Yudu	孫子, 孫
	Shicheng	孫子
	Shangyou	孫子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	孫仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	孫仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	孫仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	孫
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	孫仔
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	孫
	Hong Kong	孫仔
	Sabah (Longchuan)	孫仔
	Senai	孫仔
	Singkawang	孫
Huizhou	Jixi	孫子
Jin	Taiyuan	孫子
	Pingyao	孫子
	Xinzhou	孫子
	Hohhot	孫子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	孫仔
	Dikou	孫仔
	Zhenqian	孫
	Jianyang	孫仔
	Wuyishan	孫仔
	Shibei	孫仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	孫, 孫囝, 丈夫孫
	Changle	孫
	Fuqing	孫, 孫囝
	Yongtai	孫囝
	Gutian	孫
	Fu'an	孫
	Ningde	孫
	Shouning	孫囝
	Zhouning	孫
	Fuding	孫囝
	Matsu	孫
Min Nan	Xiamen	孫, 孫仔
	Quanzhou	孫, 孫仔
	Yongchun	丈夫孫
	Zhangzhou	孫
	Dongshan	孫仔
	Taipei	孫
	Kaohsiung	孫
	Tainan	孫, 孫仔
	Taichung	孫
	Hsinchu	孫
	Lukang	孫
	Sanxia	孫仔
	Yilan	孫
	Kinmen	孫
	Magong	孫
	Penang	孫
	Philippines (Manila)	孫, 孫仔
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	孫仔
	Datian	孫
	Pingnan	孫
	Chaozhou	孫
	Haifeng	孫仔
	Thailand (Bangkok)	孫, 內孫
	Johor Bahru	孫囝
	Wenchang	孫, 公爹孫, 丈夫孫
	Haikou	孫, 孫囝 young
	Leizhou	孫
Puxian Min	Putian	孫
Puxian Min	Xianyou	內頭孫
Pinghua	Nanning	孫, 孫崽
Pinghua	Guilin	孫子
Shehua	Fu'an	孫
	Fuding	孫
	Luoyuan	孫
	Sanming	孫
	Shunchang	孫仔
	Hua'an	孫
	Guixi	孫仔
	Cangnan	孫
	Jingning	孫
	Lishui	孫
	Longyou	孫
	Chaozhou	孫
	Fengshun	孫仔
Wu	Shanghai	孫子
	Suzhou	孫子
	Wuxi	孫子
	Hangzhou	孫子
	Wenzhou	孫兒, 孫
	Chongming	孫子, 孫男子
	Danyang	孫子
	Jinhua	孫兒, 孫
	Ningbo	孫子
Xiang	Changsha	孫崽子, 孫崽, 孫伢子, 孫子
	Shuangfeng	孫
	Loudi	孫
	Quanzhou	孫崽

Dialectal synonyms of 姪子 (“fraternal nephew”) [map]
Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		姪子
Mandarin	Beijing	姪兒, 姪子
	Taiwan	姪子, 姪兒
	Harbin	姪兒, 姪子
	Shenyang	姪兒
	Hailar	姪子, 姪兒
	Bayanhot	姪兒子
	Jinan	姪子, 姪兒
	Muping	姪兒
	Luoyang	姪子
	Wanrong	姪兒
	Xi'an	姪兒
	Zhengzhou	姪兒
	Xining	姪兒
	Xuzhou	姪兒, 姪子
	Yinchuan	姪兒子
	Lanzhou	姪兒子
	Ürümqi	姪兒子, 姪子
	Wuhan	姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子伢, 姪子
	Chengdu	姪兒子, 姪兒
	Guiyang	姪兒子
	Liuzhou	姪崽
	Kunming	姪兒子
	Yangzhou	姪子
	Nanjing	姪子
	Hefei	姪兒, 姪子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	姪, 姪仔
	Hong Kong	姪, 姪仔
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	姪
	Foshan	姪
	Shunde	姪
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	姪子
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	姪
	Taishan	姪仔, 姪
	Dongguan	姪
	Yangjiang	阿姪
	Nanning	姪仔
	Kuala Lumpur	姪仔
Gan	Nanchang	姪子
	Lichuan	姪子, 姪崽
	Pingxiang	姪子
Hakka	Meixian	姪仔
	Luchuan	姪
	Changting	姪哩
	Wuping	姪子
	Ninghua	孫哩, 姪哩
	Yudu	姪子, 老姪
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	姪仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	姪仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	姪仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	姪
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	姪仔, 姪
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	姪子, 孫仔
	Hong Kong	姪子
	Senai	姪兒
Huizhou	Jixi	姪仂
Jin	Taiyuan	姪兒子
	Xinzhou	姪兒子
	Hohhot	姪兒子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	孫仔
Min Dong	Fuzhou	姪, 孫
	Changle	孫
	Fuqing	孫, 姪
	Yongtai	孫囝
	Gutian	孫
	Fu'an	孫
	Ningde	孫囝
	Shouning	孫囝
	Zhouning	孫
	Fuding	孫囝
Min Nan	Xiamen	姪仔, 孫仔
	Quanzhou	孫仔
	Zhangzhou	孫仔
	Taipei	姪仔
	Kaohsiung	姪仔, 孫仔
	Tainan	叔孫仔, 姪仔, 孫仔
	Taichung	姪仔, 孫仔
	Hsinchu	孫仔
	Lukang	姪仔, 孫仔
	Sanxia	姪仔
	Yilan	姪仔, 孫仔
	Kinmen	姪仔, 孫仔
	Magong	姪仔, 孫仔
	Penang	孫仔, 叔孫
	Singapore	孫仔, 孫
	Pingnan	姪仔
	Chaozhou	逗孫
	Haifeng	姪, 孫仔
	Johor Bahru	孫
	Haikou	姪子
	Leizhou	孫
Pinghua	Nanning	姪子
Wu	Shanghai	阿姪, 姪子
	Suzhou	阿姪, 姪兒子
	Hangzhou	姪兒
	Wenzhou	阿姪
	Chongming	阿姪
	Danyang	姪子
	Jinhua	姪兒
	Ningbo	阿姪
Xiang	Changsha	姪兒子, 姪兒, 姪子
	Shuangfeng	姪佬, 姪兒子
	Loudi	姪兒子
	Quanzhou	姪崽

Descendants

→ English: Sun, Suen
→ Tagalog: Suan (via Hokkien), Soon (via Hokkien)

Compounds

Derived terms from 孫

不肖子孫／不肖子孙 (bùxiào zǐsūn)
亞馬孫河／亚马孙河
仍孫／仍孙
來孫／来孙 (láisūn)
兒孫／儿孙 (érsūn)
內孫／内孙 (nèisūn)
公子王孫／公子王孙
公孫大娘／公孙大娘
公孫樹／公孙树 (gōngsūnshù)
公孫龍／公孙龙
公孫龍子／公孙龙子
參孫／参孙 (Cānsūn)
叔孫／叔孙
吃子孫飯／吃子孙饭
名落孫山／名落孙山 (míngluòsūnshān)
含飴弄孫／含饴弄孙
哀王孫／哀王孙
土行孫／土行孙
外孫／外孙 (wàisūn)
外孫女／外孙女 (wàisūnnǚ)
多子多孫／多子多孙
天孫／天孙
太孫／太孙
女孫／女孙
姪孫／侄孙 (zhísūn)
嫡孫／嫡孙 (dísūn)
嫡孫承重／嫡孙承重
子子孫孫／子子孙孙
子孝孫賢／子孝孙贤
子孫／子孙 (zǐsūn)
子孫桶／子孙桶
子孫滿堂／子孙满堂 (zǐsūnmǎntáng)

孝子慈孫／孝子慈孙
孝子賢孫／孝子贤孙
孫兒／孙儿 (sūn'ér)
孫卿／孙卿
孫吳／孙吴 (Sūnwú)
孫女／孙女 (sūnnǚ)
孫女婿／孙女婿 (sūnnǚxù)
孫子／孙子 (sūnzi)
孫子兵法／孙子兵法
孫山之外／孙山之外
孫康映雪／孙康映雪
孫悟空／孙悟空 (Sūn Wùkōng)
孫文學說／孙文学说
孫晨稿席／孙晨稿席
孫枝／孙枝
孫炎／孙炎
孫王營／孙王营 (Sūnwángyíng)
孫竹／孙竹
孫絡／孙络
孫臏／孙膑
孫郎／孙郎 (Sūn láng)
封祖蔭孫／封祖荫孙
徒子徒孫／徒子徒孙 (túzǐtúsūn)
徠孫／徕孙
德流子孫／德流子孙
慈孫孝子／慈孙孝子
慶流子孫／庆流子孙
打剌孫／打剌孙 (dǎlàsūn)
承重孫／承重孙
抱子弄孫／抱子弄孙
斷子絕孫／断子绝孙 (duànzǐjuésūn)
曾孫／曾孙 (zēngsūn)

桂子蘭孫／桂子兰孙
毓子孕孫／毓子孕孙
炎黃子孫／炎黄子孙 (yánhuáng zǐsūn)
烏孫／乌孙 (wūsūn)
燕啄皇孫／燕啄皇孙
猞猁孫／猞猁孙
猴孫王／猴孙王
玄孫／玄孙 (xuánsūn)
王孫／王孙
王孫公子／王孙公子
百子千孫／百子千孙
祖孫／祖孙
竹孫／竹孙
答剌孫／答剌孙
系孫／系孙
絕子絕孫／绝子绝孙
耳孫／耳孙 (réngsūn)
落孫山／落孙山
裝孫子／装孙子
西姆孫線／西姆孙线
詒厥孫謀／诒厥孙谋
貽厥孫謀／贻厥孙谋
適孫／适孙
重孫／重孙 (chóngsūn)
重孫女／重孙女 (chóngsūnnǚ)
重孫媳／重孙媳
長孫／长孙 (zhǎngsūn)
長孫媳／长孙媳
雲孫／云孙 (yúnsūn)
龍孫／龙孙
龍孫帝子／龙孙帝子

Japanese

Kanji

孫

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

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Readings

Go-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
Kan-on: そん (son, Jōyō)
Kun: まご (mago, 孫, Jōyō)
Nanori: さね (sane); ただ (tada); ひこ (hiko); ひろ (hiro)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
孫
むまご Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Noun

孫 (hiragana むまご, rōmaji mumago)

a grandchild

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
孫
うまご Grade: 4
kun’yomi

/mumaɡo/ → /umaɡo/.

Noun

孫 (hiragana うまご, rōmaji umago)

a grandchild

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
孫
まご Grade: 4
kun’yomi

/umaɡo/ → /maɡo/.

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) まご [màgóꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
- IPA^(key): [ma̠ɡo̞]

Noun

孫 (hiragana まご, rōmaji mago)

a grandchild

Korean

Hanja

孫 (eum 손 (son))

grandson
A surname.

Vietnamese

Han character

孫: Hán Nôm readings: tôn

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