幾何

See also: 几何

Chinese

		how much; how many; several how much; how many; several; a few; almost	carry; what; how carry; what; how; why; which
trad. (幾何)		幾	何
simp. (几何)		几	何

Etymology

geometry: First used in Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci's translation of Euclid's Elements in 1607. The method and origin of derivation is disputed.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jǐhé

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˇ ㄏㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei² ho⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kí-hô / kí-hô͘ / ki-hô / ki-hô͘

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi¹ ho⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jǐhé
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ ㄏㄜˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiiher
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ xɤ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Pinyin: jǐhér
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ ㄏㄜˊㄦ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiiherl
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ xɤɻ³⁵/

Note: Erhua-ed pronunciation is only used for the geometry sense.

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gei² ho⁴
  - Yale: géi hòh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei² ho⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi² ho⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /kei̯³⁵ hɔː²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí-hô
  - Tâi-lô: kí-hô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ky'hooi
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ho¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɤ²³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kí-hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: kí-hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ky'hoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-hô
  - Tâi-lô: ki-hô
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki'hooi
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² ho²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² ho¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-hô͘
  - Tâi-lô: ki-hôo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ki'hoo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ hɔ²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi¹ ho⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki hô
  - IPA ^(key): /ki³³⁻²³ ho⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /kɨi^X ɦɑ/▼

Rime
Character	幾	何
Reading #	3/4	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	微 (20)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	居狶切	胡歌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨi^X/	/ɦɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨi^X/	/ɦɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiəi^X/	/ɣɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨj^X/	/ɦa/
Li Rong	/kiəi^X/	/ɣɑ/
Wang Li	/kĭəi^X/	/ɣɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ke̯i^X/	/ɣɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jǐ	hé

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kəjʔ [ɡ]ˤaj/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯlʔ ɡaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	幾	何
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jǐ	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ kjɨj^X ›	‹ ha ›
Old Chinese	/*kəjʔ/	/*[ɡ]ˁaj/
English	few; how many	what
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幾	何
Reading #	2/4	1/2
No.	5800	7458
Phonetic component	幾	可
Rime group	微	歌
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	蟣	何
Old Chinese	/*kɯlʔ/	/*ɡaːl/

Adverb

幾何

(literary) how much; how many
您女兒芳齡幾何？ / 您女儿芳龄几何？ ― Nín nǚ'ér fānglíng jǐhé? ― How old is your daughter? [honorific] (literally, “How many is your daughter's age?”)

Derived terms

俟河之清，人壽幾何／俟河之清，人寿几何
冇幾何／冇几何 (mou5 gei2 ho4-2)
春秋幾何／春秋几何
曾幾何時／曾几何时

有幾何／有几何 (jau5 gei2 ho4-2)
無幾何／无几何
相去幾何／相去几何

Noun

幾何

(mathematics) geometry

Derived terms

代數幾何／代数几何 (dàishù jǐhé)
平面幾何／平面几何 (píngmiàn jǐhé)
幾何圖形／几何图形

幾何級數／几何级数
立體幾何／立体几何
解析幾何／解析几何 (jiěxī jǐhé)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
幾	何
き Grade: S	か Grade: 2

Etymology

From 幾 (き) (ki, “how much”) + 何 (か) (ka, “what”).

Pronunciation

Homophones: 気化, 帰化

Noun

幾何 (hiragana きか, rōmaji kika)

Alternative form of 幾何学 (“geometry”)

Derived terms

Derived terms

リーマン幾 (き)何 (か) (rīmankika): Riemann geometry, Riemannian geometry
代数幾何 (だいすうきか) (daisūkika): algebraic geometry
位 (い)相 (そう)幾 (き)何 (か) (isōkika): topology
幾何学 (きかがく) (kikagaku): geometry

幾何学的 (きかがくてき) (kikagakuteki): geometrical
幾 (き)何 (か)級 (きゅう)数 (すう) (kikakyūsū): geometric series, geometric progression
微 (び)分 (ぶん)幾 (き)何 (か) (bibunkika): differential geometry

Adverb

幾何 (hiragana いくばく, rōmaji ikubaku)

how many, how much

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, the spellings いくばく, 幾許 and 幾ばく are preferred over 幾何 when used as an adverb.

Alternative forms

幾許 (いくばく) (ikubaku)

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