新加坡

Chinese

		phonetic
simp. and trad. (新加坡)		新	加	坡

Etymology

Borrowed from English Singapore, from Malay Singapura, from Sanskrit सिंहपुर (siṃhá-pura), from सिंह (siṃha, “lion”) +‎ पुर (pura, “city”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Xīnjiāpō

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄣㄐㄧㄚㄆㄛ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹ gaa^1-3 bo¹, san¹ gaa^1-3 po¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Sîn-kâ-phô / Sîn-kâ-po
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): Sin-ka-pho / Sin-kee-pho / Sin-ka-po

(Teochew, Peng'im): sing¹ gia¹ bo¹
Wu (Wiktionary): xin ka phu (T1)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: Xīnjiāpō
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣㄐㄧㄚㄆㄛ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shinjiapo
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕin⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ä⁵⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    新加坡
    新嘉坡
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: san¹ gaa^1-3 bo¹, san¹ gaa^1-3 po¹
  - Yale: sān ga bō, sān ga pō
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san¹ gaa^1-3 bo¹, san¹ gaa^1-3 po¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen¹ ga³ bo¹, sen¹ ga³ po¹
  - IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵ käː⁵⁵⁻³³ pɔː⁵⁵/, /sɐn⁵⁵ käː⁵⁵⁻³³ pʰɔː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sîn-kâ-phô / Sîn-kâ-po
  - Hakka Romanization System: xin´ ga´ po´ / xin´ ga´ bo
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xin¹ ga¹ po¹ / xin¹ ga¹ bo⁴
  - IPA: /ɕin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ pʰo²⁴/, /ɕin²⁴⁻¹¹ ka²⁴⁻¹¹ po⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-ka-pho
  - Tâi-lô: Sin-ka-pho
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sinkaphoy
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰɤ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ɕin⁴⁴⁻²² ka⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ɕin⁴⁴⁻³³ ka⁴⁴⁻³³ pʰo⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕin³³ ka³³ pʰo³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-kee-pho
  - Tâi-lô: Sin-kee-pho
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕin⁴⁴⁻²² kɛ⁴⁴⁻²² pʰo⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sin-ka-po
  - Tâi-lô: Sin-ka-po
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sinka'poy
  - IPA (Penang): /ɕin³³⁻²¹ ka³³⁻²¹ po³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sing¹ gia¹ bo¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sing kia po
  - IPA ^(key): /siŋ³³⁻²³ kia³³⁻²³ po³³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: xin ka phu (T1)
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕɪɲ⁵⁵ ka̱³³ pʰv̩ʷ²¹/

Proper noun

新加坡

Singapore; (～共和國); Republic of Singapore

Synonyms

(dated, still common in Cantonese) 星加坡 (Xīngjiāpō)
獅城／狮城 (Shīchéng, “Lion City”)
(nickname) 星洲 (Xīngzhōu)
(dated) 新嘉坡 (Xīnjiāpō)
(dated) 星架坡 (Xīngjiàpō)
(regional, dated) 石叻 (Shílè), 實叻／实叻, 實叻坡／实叻坡
(regional, dated) 叻埠 (Lèbù)

Derived terms

新加坡元 (Xīnjiāpōyuán)

新加坡共和國／新加坡共和国 (Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó)

References

Duffus, William (1883), “Singapore”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 245

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