気付く
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 気 | 付 |
| き Grade: 1 |
つ > づ Grade: 4 |
| kan’on | kun’yomi |
Alternative forms
Etymology
Compound of 気 (ki, “awareness”) + 付く (tsuku, “to stick, to attach, to turn on”).[1][2][3][4] The tsuku changes to zuku as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Verb
気付く (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana きづく, rōmaji kizuku)
- to become aware, to notice
- それについて気付かなかった。
- Sore ni tsuite kizukanakatta.
- I was not aware of that. → I did not notice that.
- 危険に気付く
- kiken ni kizuku
- to become aware of a danger → to notice a danger
- それについて気付かなかった。
- to be revived, to come back to one's senses
- 気絶していた人が気付いた。
- Kizetsu shiteita hito ga kizuita.
- The person who had passed out regained consciousness.
- 気絶していた人が気付いた。
Usage notes
Although the English gloss to notice is transitive, note that 気付く (kizuku) is intransitive. The verb can take an indirect object, marked with the particle に (ni), as in the examples above.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "気付く" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 気付か | きづか | kizuka |
| Continuative (連用形) | 気付き | きづき | kizuki |
| Terminal (終止形) | 気付く | きづく | kizuku |
| Attributive (連体形) | 気付く | きづく | kizuku |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 気付け | きづけ | kizuke |
| Imperative (命令形) | 気付け | きづけ | kizuke |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 気付かれる | きづかれる | kizukareru |
| Causative | 気付かせる 気付かす |
きづかせる きづかす |
kizukaseru kizukasu |
| Potential | 気付ける | きづける | kizukeru |
| Volitional | 気付こう | きづこう | kizukō |
| Negative | 気付かない | きづかない | kizukanai |
| Negative continuative | 気付かず | きづかず | kizukazu |
| Formal | 気付きます | きづきます | kizukimasu |
| Perfective | 気付いた | きづいた | kizuita |
| Conjunctive | 気付いて | きづいて | kizuite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 気付けば | きづけば | kizukeba |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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