淆

淆	U+6DC6, 淆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6DC6

← 淅
[U+6DC5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

淇 →
[U+6DC7]

Translingual

Han character

淆 (radical 85, 水+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水大大月 (EKKB), four-corner 3412₇, composition ⿰氵肴)

References

KangXi: page 629, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17619
Dae Jaweon: page 1031, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 3, page 1654, character 1
Unihan data for U+6DC6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		淆

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爻) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
崤	ɢaːw, ɢraːw
郩	*qaːwʔ
敎	kraːw, kraːws
較	kreːwɢs, kreːwɢ
肴	*ɢraːw
淆	*ɢraːw
倄	ɢraːw, ɢʷɯːʔ
爻	*ɢraːw
餚	*ɢraːw
殽	*ɢraːw
笅	*ɢraːw
駁	*praːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢraːw) : semantic 水 + phonetic 肴 (OC *ɢraːw).

Etymology

An endopassive derivative of 交 (OC *kreːw), with initial voicing (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiáo, yáo

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˊ, ㄧㄠˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaau⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gâu / ngâu / hâu

(Teochew, Peng'im): ngao⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Pinyin: xiáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˊ
  - Wade–Giles: hsiao²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyau
  - IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Pinyin: yáo
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄠˊ
  - Wade–Giles: yao²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yau
  - IPA ^(key): /i̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaau⁴
  - Yale: ngàauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaau⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngao⁴
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋäːu̯²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gâu
  - Tâi-lô: gâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gaau
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /gaʊ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngâu
  - Tâi-lô: ngâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngaau
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋãʊ¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ŋãʊ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâu
  - Tâi-lô: hâu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haau
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /haʊ¹³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /haʊ²⁴/

Note:

gâu/ngâu - vernacular (俗);
hâu - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ngao⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngâu
  - IPA ^(key): /ŋau⁵⁵/

Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 淆
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕiɑu³⁵/ /iɑu³⁵/
	Harbin	/iau²¹³/ /ʐau²¹³/
	Tianjin	/iɑu⁴⁵/ /ɕiɑu⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/iɔ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiɔ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/iau⁴²/
	Xi'an	/niau²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕiɔ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/iɔ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɔ⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕiɔ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiau⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕiau³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕiao²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɔ³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕiɔo²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiɔ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/iau¹¹/
	Pingyao
	Hohhot	/iɔ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕiɔ³⁵/ /ɦiɔ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiæ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiɔ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦuɔ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕiɔ³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/ɕiau¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕiaɯ¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋau¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hɑu¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ŋau²¹/
	Nanning	/ŋau²¹/
	Hong Kong	/ŋau²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hau³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋau⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋau²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ŋaũ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hiau²³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠau/▼

Rime
Character	淆
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡茅切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦaɨw/
Li Rong	/ɣau/
Wang Li	/ɣau/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiáo

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*ɢraːw/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	淆
Reading #	1/1
No.	14646
Phonetic component	爻
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	肴
Old Chinese	/*ɢraːw/

Definitions

淆

confused; in disarray; mixed up

Compounds

淆亂／淆乱
淆惑
淆紊
淆雜／淆杂

混淆 (hùnxiáo)
混淆不清
混淆是非 (hùnxiáo shìfēi)
混淆視聽／混淆视听 (hùnxiáoshìtīng)

混淆黑白
玉石混淆
良莠淆雜／良莠淆杂
黑白混淆

Japanese

Kanji

淆

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): こう (kō)
Kun: まじる (majiru)

Korean

Hanja

淆 (eum 효 (hyo))

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Vietnamese

Han character

淆: Hán Nôm readings: hào

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