清苦

Chinese

		clear; distinct; complete clear; distinct; complete; pure	bitter; intensely; miserable bitter; intensely; miserable; painful
trad. (清苦)		清	苦
simp. ^#(清苦)		清	苦

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qīngkǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄥㄎㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cing¹ fu²
Min Nan (POJ): chheng-khó͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: qīngkǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄥㄎㄨˇ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chingkuu
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ⁵⁵ kʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: cing¹ fu²
  - Yale: chīng fú
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsing¹ fu²
  - Guangdong Romanization: qing¹ fu²
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɪŋ⁵⁵ fuː³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheng-khó͘
  - Tâi-lô: tshing-khóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhengqor
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ³³ kʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰɔ⁴¹/

Adjective

清苦

(especially of scholars and intellectuals) destitute; poor; badly off

Synonyms

Synonyms of 清苦

䆀康 (Min Nan)
困乏 (kùnfá) (formal)
困窘 (kùnjiǒng)
困窮／困穷 (kùnqióng)
困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
清苦 (qīngkǔ) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
清貧／清贫 (qīngpín) (especially of scholars and intellectuals)
穷乏 (literary)
窘促 (jiǒngcù) (literary)
窘困 (jiǒngkùn)

窘迫 (jiǒngpò)
窮／穷 (qióng)
窮㾪／穷㾪 (Min Nan)
窮困／穷困 (qióngkùn)
窮苦／穷苦 (qióngkǔ)
窮赤／穷赤 (Min Nan)
貧困／贫困 (pínkùn)
貧瘠／贫瘠 (pínjí) (literary)
貧窮／贫穷 (pínqióng)
貧苦／贫苦 (pínkǔ)

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