生ふ
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 生 |
| お Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
From Old Japanese.
Appears to be cognate with an op- stem that also derives modern 大きい (ōkii, “big, large”), 多い (ōi, “many”), and possibly 覆う (ōu, “to cover”).
Verb
生ふ (intransitive, kami nidan conjugation, hiragana おう, rōmaji ou, historical hiragana おふ)
- (of plants or trees, archaic) to grow large, spring up
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 8, poem 365; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 16)
- 立わかれいなばの山の峰におふる松としきかば今かへりこむ
- tachi-wakare Inaba-no-yama no mine ni ouru matsu to shi kikaba ima kaeri-kon
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 立わかれいなばの山の峰におふる松としきかば今かへりこむ
- 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 8, poem 365; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 16)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "生ふ" (ハ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 生ひ | おひ | ofi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 生ひ | おひ | ofi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 生ふ | おふ | ofu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 生ふる | おふる | ofuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 生ふれ | おふれ | ofure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 生ひよ | おひよ | ofiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 生ひず | おひず | ofizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 生ふれど | おふれど | ofuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 生ふれば | おふれば | ofureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 生ひば | おひば | ofiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 生ひき | おひき | ofiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 生ひけり | おひけり | ofikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 生ひつ | おひつ | ofitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 生ひぬ | おひぬ | ofinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 生ひたり | おひたり | ofitari |
Derived terms
- 生ゆ (oyu)
- 生へる (oeru)
- 生ほす (oosu)
- 生ひ上がる (oiagaru)
- 生ひ出づ (oiizu)
- 生い先 (oisaki)
- 生ひ様 (oizama)
- 生ひ及く (oishiku)
- 生い茂る (oishigeru)
- 生ひ末 (oisue)
- 生ひ育ち (oisodachi)
- 生い育つ (oisodatsu)
- 生い立ち (oitachi)
- 生い立つ (oitatsu)
- 生ひ継ぐ (oitsugu)
- 生ひなる (oinaru)
- 生ひ上る (oinoboru)
- 生ひ優る (oimasaru)
- 生ひ行く (oiyuku)
- 片生ひ (kataoi)
- 今年生ひ (kotoshi-oi)
- 稚児生ひ (chigooi)
- 蓴生う (nunawaou)
- 根生い (neoi)
- 鼠生ひ (nezumi-oi)
- 水草生う (mikusa-ou)
- 弥生 (yayoi)
Idioms
- 心生ふ (kokoro ou)
Old Japanese
Etymology
Appears to be cognate with an op- stem that also derives the stem 大 (opo-, “big, large”) and possibly the verb 覆ふ (opu, “to cover”).
Verb
生ふ (opu) (kana おふ)
- (of plants or trees) to grow large, spring up
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 91)
- ...母登爾波伊久美陀氣淤斐須恵幣爾波多斯美陀氣淤斐...
- ...mot2o2 ni pa ikumi1dake2 opi2 suwepe1 ni pa tasimi1dake2 opi2...
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 6, poem 925)
- 烏玉之夜之深去者久木生留清河原爾知鳥數鳴
- nubatama no2 yo1 no2 puke2yuke2ba pi1sagi2 opuru ki1yo1ki1 kapara ni tido2ri sibanaku
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 711–712, Kojiki (poem 91)
Conjugation
Classical conjugation of "生ふ" (ハ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 生ひ | おひ | ofi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 生ひ | おひ | ofi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 生ふ | おふ | ofu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 生ふる | おふる | ofuru |
| Realis (已然形) | 生ふれ | おふれ | ofure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 生ひよ | おひよ | ofiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 生ひず | おひず | ofizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 生ふれど | おふれど | ofuredo |
| Causal conjunction | 生ふれば | おふれば | ofureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 生ひば | おひば | ofiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 生ひき | おひき | ofiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 生ひけり | おひけり | ofikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 生ひつ | おひつ | ofitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 生ひぬ | おひぬ | ofinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 生ひたり | おひたり | ofitari |
Derived terms
- 生ほす (oposu, “to nurture”)
Descendants
- Japanese: 生ふ (ou)
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