畏まる
Japanese
Kanji in this term |
---|
畏 |
かしこ Grade: S |
kun’yomi |
Etymology
Derived from classical verb 畏む (kashikomu), itself apparently a back-formation from 畏み (kashikomi), from the kashiko stem of adjective 畏い (kashikoi, “dreadful, terrible, awesome”) + nominalizing suffix み (mi, indicating appearance or state).[1][2]
The meaning of the adjective evolved from dreadful to awesome to worthy of respect;[1] compare the shades in meaning in English awful and awesome. The meaning of the verb kashikomaru similarly shifted from to be impressed by something as dreadful to to be impressed by something as worthy of deep respect.
Pronunciation
Verb
畏まる (intransitive, godan conjugation, hiragana かしこまる, rōmaji kashikomaru)
- (humble) to understand, to acknowledge
- はい、畏まりました。
- Hai, kashikomarimashita.
- Yes, sir/madam! (honorific response)
- はい、畏まりました。
- to obey respectfully, comply
- to sit upright
- to be stiff or formal, to stand on ceremony
Conjugation
Conjugation of "畏まる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 畏まら | かしこまら | kashikomara |
Continuative (連用形) | 畏まり | かしこまり | kashikomari |
Terminal (終止形) | 畏まる | かしこまる | kashikomaru |
Attributive (連体形) | 畏まる | かしこまる | kashikomaru |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 畏まれ | かしこまれ | kashikomare |
Imperative (命令形) | 畏まれ | かしこまれ | kashikomare |
Key constructions | |||
Passive | 畏まられる | かしこまられる | kashikomarareru |
Causative | 畏まらせる 畏まらす |
かしこまらせる かしこまらす |
kashikomaraseru kashikomarasu |
Potential | 畏まれる | かしこまれる | kashikomareru |
Volitional | 畏まろう | かしこまろう | kashikomarō |
Negative | 畏まらない | かしこまらない | kashikomaranai |
Negative continuative | 畏まらず | かしこまらず | kashikomarazu |
Formal | 畏まります | かしこまります | kashikomarimasu |
Perfective | 畏まった | かしこまった | kashikomatta |
Conjunctive | 畏まって | かしこまって | kashikomatte |
Hypothetical conditional | 畏まれば | かしこまれば | kashikomareba |
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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