莖

See also: 茎

莖	U+8396, 莖 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8396

← 莕
[U+8395]

CJK Unified Ideographs

莗 →
[U+8397]

Translingual

Traditional	莖
Shinjitai	茎
Simplified	茎

Han character

莖 (radical 140, 艸+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一女一 (TMVM), four-corner 4410₁, composition ⿱艹巠)

References

KangXi: page 1034, character 9

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31052

Dae Jaweon: page 1493, character 14

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3217, character 7

Unihan data for U+8396

Chinese

trad.		莖
simp.		茎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (坙) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
羥	kʰreːn, kʰreːŋ
俓	ŋɡeːn, ŋɡreːŋ, *keːŋs
牼	kʰreːŋ, ɡreːŋ
硁
誙	*kʰreːŋ
娙	ŋɡreːŋ, ɡeːŋ
莖	ɡreːŋ, qreːŋ
痙	*ɡeŋʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡreːŋ, *qreːŋ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 巠 (OC *keːŋ).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīng, jìng (jing¹, jing⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ, ㄐㄧㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ging³, ging¹, hang⁴, kwaang²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kîn / kóang

(Meixian, Guangdong): gin¹
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hûiⁿ / hoâiⁿ / hôaⁿ / keng / kèng / hêng

(Teochew, Peng'im): kêng⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: jīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
  - Wade–Giles: ching¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, nonstandard or dialectal)⁺
  - Pinyin: jìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋ
  - Wade–Giles: ching⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinq
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Pinyin: jìngr
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥˋㄦ
  - Wade–Giles: chingrh⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jienglh
  - IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɤ̃ɻ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ging³, ging¹, hang⁴, kwaang²
  - Yale: ging, gīng, hàhng, kwáang
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ging³, ging¹, hang⁴, kwaang²
  - Guangdong Romanization: ging³, ging¹, heng⁴, kuang²
  - IPA ^(key): /kɪŋ³³/, /kɪŋ⁵⁵/, /hɐŋ²¹/, /kʷʰäːŋ³⁵/

Note:

ging1, hang4, kwaang2 - variants;
kwaang2 - also written as as 梗.

Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn / kóang
  - Hakka Romanization System: gin´ / guang`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gin¹ / guang³
  - IPA: /kin²⁴/, /ku̯aŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: gin¹
  - IPA: /cin⁴⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huînn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvuii
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoâiⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huâinn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvoaai
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /huãi²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huãi²³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hôaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: huânn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hvoaa
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huã¹³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
  - Tâi-lô: king
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kèng
  - Tâi-lô: kìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kexng
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng
  - Tâi-lô: hîng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: heeng
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³/

Note:

hûiⁿ/hoâiⁿ/hôaⁿ - vernacular;
keng/kèng - vernacular (俗);
hêng - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kêng⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khêng
  - IPA ^(key): /kʰeŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛŋ/▼

Rime
Character	莖
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸耕切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣæŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	héng

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-k-lˤ<r>eŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	莖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*m-k-lˁ<r>eŋ/
English	stalk (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莖
Reading #	1/2
No.	6786
Phonetic component	坙
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	莖
Old Chinese	/*ɡreːŋ/

Definitions

莖

stem; stalk; something like a stalk
tall and straight
pillar
penis
handle
Classifier for strips or stalks of objects.

Compounds

六莖／六茎
包莖／包茎 (bāojīng)
匍匐莖／匍匐茎
地下莖／地下茎
塊莖／块茎 (kuàijīng)
平臥莖／平卧茎
攀緣莖／攀缘茎

木質莖／木质茎
枯莖朽骨／枯茎朽骨
根莖／根茎 (gēnjīng)
玉莖／玉茎 (yùjīng)
球莖／球茎 (qiújīng)
直立莖／直立茎
纏繞莖／缠绕茎

草質莖／草质茎
莖稈／茎秆
走莖／走茎
陰莖／阴茎 (yīnjīng)
飛莖／飞茎
鱗莖／鳞茎 (línjīng)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yīng (ying¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: yīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ
  - Wade–Giles: ying¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ing
  - IPA ^(key): /iŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠɛŋ/▼

Rime
Character	莖
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	烏莖切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ʔɛŋ/
Wang Li	/æŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ēng

Old Chinese▼
(Zhengzhang): /*qreːŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	莖
Reading #	2/2
No.	6788
Phonetic component	坙
Rime group	耕
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	甖
Old Chinese	/*qreːŋ/

Definitions

莖

Only used in 姚莖／姚茎.

References

“莖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	茎
Kyūjitai	莖

Kanji

莖

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 茎)

stem
stalk

Readings

Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)
Kan-on: こう (kō)
Kan’yō-on: けい (kei)
Kun: くき (kuki, 莖); なかご (nakago, 莖)

Korean

Hanja

莖 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, revised gyeong, McCune–Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

男莖

Vietnamese

Han character

莖 (hành, kinh)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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