退化

Chinese

		retreat; to decline; to move back retreat; to decline; to move back; to withdraw	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
simp. and trad. (退化)		退	化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tuìhuà

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): teoi³ faa³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thui-fa
Min Nan (POJ): thèr-hòa / thè-hòa / thòe-hòa

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Pinyin: tuìhuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄟˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tueyhuah
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    蛻化／蜕化
    退化
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
  - Jyutping: teoi³ faa³
  - Yale: teui fa
  - Cantonese Pinyin: toey³ faa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: têu³ fa³
  - IPA ^(key): /tʰɵy̯³³ fäː³³/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    蛻化／蜕化
    退化
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thui-fa
  - Hakka Romanization System: tui fa
  - Hagfa Pinyim: tui⁴ fa⁴
  - IPA: /tʰu̯i⁵⁵ fa⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thèr-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: thèr-huà
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰə⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: mainstream Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thè-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: thè-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tea'hoax
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰe²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰe²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰe¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòe-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: thuè-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: toea'hoax
  - IPA (Taipei): /tʰue¹¹⁻⁵³ hua¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ hua⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰue²¹⁻⁵³ hua²¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰue²¹⁻⁴¹ hua²¹/

Verb

退化

to degenerate; to atrophy
to deteriorate; to worsen; to decline; to fall; to drop

Antonyms

(deteriorate): 進化／进化 (jìnhuà)

Derived terms

土地退化 (tǔdì tuìhuà)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
退	化
たい Grade: 5	か Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

On’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ta̠ika̠]

Noun

退化 (hiragana たいか, rōmaji taika)

degeneration; retrogression

Verb

退化する (hiragana たいかする, rōmaji taika suru)

to degenerate, to retrogress

Conjugation

Conjugation of "退化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	退化し	たいかし	taika shi
Continuative (連用形)	退化し	たいかし	taika shi
Terminal (終止形)	退化する	たいかする	taika suru
Attributive (連体形)	退化する	たいかする	taika suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	退化すれ	たいかすれ	taika sure
Imperative (命令形)	退化せよ¹ 退化しろ²	たいかせよ¹ たいかしろ²	taika seyo¹ taika shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	退化される	たいかされる	taika sareru
Causative	退化させる退化さす	たいかさせるたいかさす	taika saseru taika sasu
Potential	退化できる	たいかできる	taika dekiru
Volitional	退化しよう	たいかしよう	taika shiyō
Negative	退化しない	たいかしない	taika shinai
Negative continuative	退化せず	たいかせず	taika sezu
Formal	退化します	たいかします	taika shimasu
Perfective	退化した	たいかした	taika shita
Conjunctive	退化して	たいかして	taika shite
Hypothetical conditional	退化すれば	たいかすれば	taika sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Korean

Hanja in this term
退	化

Noun

退化 • (toehwa) (hangeul 퇴화)

Hanja form^? of 퇴화 (“degeneration; retrogression”).

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