閉じる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 閉 |
| Grade: 6 |
Etymology
From Old Japanese. Originally derived from verb とづ (todzu) as the stem form とぢ (todji) + intransitive / passive auxiliary verb る (ru). Over time, the distinction between ぢ (dji) and じ (ji) was lost, leading to modern とじる (tojiru).
Conjugation
Conjugation of "閉じる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 閉じ | とじ | toji | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 閉じ | とじ | toji | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 閉じる | とじる | tojiru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 閉じる | とじる | tojiru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 閉じれ | とじれ | tojire | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 閉じよ¹ 閉じろ² |
とじよ¹ とじろ² |
tojiyo¹ tojiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 閉じられる | とじられる | tojirareru | |
| Causative | 閉じさせる 閉じさす |
とじさせる とじさす |
tojisaseru tojisasu | |
| Potential | 閉じられる 閉じれる³ |
とじられる とじれる³ |
tojirareru tojireru³ | |
| Volitional | 閉じよう | とじよう | tojiyō | |
| Negative | 閉じない 閉じぬ 閉じん |
とじない とじぬ とじん |
tojinai tojinu tojin | |
| Negative continuative | 閉じず | とじず | tojizu | |
| Formal | 閉じます | とじます | tojimasu | |
| Perfective | 閉じた | とじた | tojita | |
| Conjunctive | 閉じて | とじて | tojite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 閉じれば | とじれば | tojireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Synonyms
- 閉める (shimeru)
Derived terms
- 閉じ込める (tojikomeru): to confine, to imprison
- 閉じ篭もる (tojikomoru): to shut in
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