馘

馘	U+9998, 馘 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9998

← 馗
[U+9997]

CJK Unified Ideographs

香 →
[U+9999]

Translingual

Han character

馘 (radical 185, 首+8, 17 strokes, cangjie input 廿山戈口一 (TUIRM), four-corner 8365₀, composition ⿰首或)

cut off left ear
tally dead enemy

References

KangXi: page 1428, character 13

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44507

Dae Jaweon: page 1954, character 17

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4501, character 21

Unihan data for U+9998

Chinese

simp. and trad.		馘

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (或) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
幗	kʷɯːɡs, kʷrɯːɡ
慖	kʷɯːɡs, kʷrɯːɡ
簂	*kʷɯːɡs
蔮	*kʷɯːɡs
國	*kʷɯːɡ
或	*ɡʷɯːɡ
惑	*ɡʷɯːɡ
蜮	ɡʷɯːɡ, ɢʷrɯɡ
閾	*qʰʷrɯɡ
緎	qʰʷrɯɡ, ɡʷrɯɡ
淢	qʰʷrɯɡ, ɡʷrɯɡ
域	*ɢʷrɯɡ
罭	*ɢʷrɯɡ
棫	*ɡʷrɯɡ
琙	*ɡʷrɯɡ
魊	*ɡʷrɯɡ
馘	*kʷrɯːɡ
聝	*kʷrɯːɡ
膕	*kʷrɯːɡ
摑	*kʷrɯːɡ
漍	*kʷrɯːɡ
嘓	*kʷrɯːɡ
蟈	*kʷrɯːɡ
掝	*qʰʷrɯːɡ
彧	*qʷrɯɡ
稶	*qʷɯɡ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guó (guo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwik¹, gwok³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: guó
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ
  - Wade–Giles: ko²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwo
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwɔ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwik¹, gwok³
  - Yale: gwīk, gwok
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwik⁷, gwok⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: guig¹, guog³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɪk̚⁵/, /kʷɔːk̚³/

Middle Chinese: /kˠwɛk̚/▼

Rime
Character	馘
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	麥 (120)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古獲切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠwɛk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷᵚæk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɐk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwəɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/kuɛk̚/
Wang Li	/kwæk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kwæk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʷˤ<r>ək/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷrɯːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	馘
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guó
Middle Chinese	‹ kwɛk ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʷˁ<r>ək/
English	severed left ears
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	馘
Reading #	1/1
No.	5562
Phonetic component	或
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蟈
Old Chinese	/*kʷrɯːɡ/

Definitions

馘

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

俘馘
搴旗斬馘／搴旗斩馘

斬馘／斩馘
槁項黃馘／槁项黄馘

獻馘／献馘
黃馘／黄馘

References

“馘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

馘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

On (unclassified): かく (kaku)
Kun: みみきる (mimikiru, 馘る); くびきる (kubikiru, 馘る)

Compounds

馘 (くび)になる (kubi ni naru)

Korean

Hanja

馘 • (goek) (hangeul 괵, revised goek, McCune–Reischauer koek, Yale koyk)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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