麻將
See also: 麻将
Chinese
(to have) pins and needles; tingling; hemp; numb; to bother |
phonetic | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (麻將) | 麻 | 將 | |
| simp. (麻将) | 麻 | 将 | |
Etymology
From 麻雀 (máquè, “sparrow”), with a diminutive suffix /ŋ̍/ (syllabic velar nasal) from some Wu dialect (compare Modern Wenzhou dialect /ŋ̍/). This suffix then fused with the preceding syllable, and was conserved in the form of a nasal rime /-ŋ/. As an example compare Modern Shanghai dialect 雀 (old pron.: /t͡ɕia̠ʔ⁵⁵/) + /-ŋ̍/ → 將 /t͡ɕiã⁵³/.
The game of mahjong was called 馬吊／马吊 during the Ming and Qing dynasties, where the second syllable presumably represented a Wu dialectal pronunciation of 鳥／鸟 (niǎo) ("bird", see there for more).
Pronunciation
Synonyms
| Dialectal synonyms of 麻將 (“mahjong”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 麻將 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 麻將 |
| Taiwan | 麻將 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 麻雀 |
| Hong Kong | 麻雀 | |
| Taishan | 麻雀 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 麻將 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 麻雀 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 麻雀 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 麻雀 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 麻雀 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 麻雀 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 麻雀 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 麻雀 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 麻將 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 雀牌 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 麻雀 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 麻雀 |
| Quanzhou | 麻雀 | |
| Zhangzhou | 麻雀 | |
| Taipei | 麻雀 | |
| Kaohsiung | 麻雀 | |
| Penang | 麻雀 | |
| Philippines (Manila) | 麻雀 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 麻將 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 麻將 |
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