U+96C0, 雀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96C0

[U+96BF]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+96C1]

Translingual

Han character

(radical 172, +3, 11 strokes, cangjie input 火人土 (FOG), four-corner 90214, composition)

References

  • KangXi: page 1364, character 20
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41954
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1868, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4091, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+96C0

Chinese

simp. and trad.
variant forms

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意) :  (small) +  (bird) – a small bird, a sparrow.

In the current form, the upper part looks like , but what looks like the bottom stroke of is actually the upper left stroke of , extended.

Pronunciation


Note:
  • chhiok/chhiak/chiok - literary;
  • chiah/chehⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 雀盲);
  • chioh, chhek - vernacular.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ciag4 / ziah4 / ziaoh4 / ziouh4
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiak / tsiah / tsiauh / tsiouh
      • IPA (key): /t͡sʰiak̚²/, /t͡siaʔ²/, /t͡siauʔ²/, /t͡siouʔ²/
Note:
  • ciag4 - literary;
  • ziah4 - vernacular;
  • ziaoh4/ziouh4 - dialectal (e.g. 雀盲) (ziouh4 - Chaozhou).
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: qiaq (T4); jiaq (T4)
      • IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰia̱ʔ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕia̱ʔ⁵⁵/

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵¹/
/t͡ɕʰiɑu²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰiau²¹³/
/t͡ɕʰyɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰiɑu²¹/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰyə²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡sʰyə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰyo²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰiau⁵³/
Xining /t͡ɕʰiɔ⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰiɔ⁵³/
/t͡ɕʰye¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰyə¹³/
/t͡ɕʰiɔ⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕʰyɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰio²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyo³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰio²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰio³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰoʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyɐʔ⁵/
/t͡ɕʰiɯ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰiəʔ²/ 麻~
/t͡ɕʰiau⁵³/ ~兒
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰiɔ⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰiaʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡sʰiɑʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕʰiɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰa²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰiɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡siun²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sʰio²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡sʰio²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰiɔʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡siok̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡siok̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sœk̚³/
Nanning /t͡sʰœk̚³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sœk̚³/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sʰiɔk̚³²/
/t͡siaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰuɔʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡siauʔ²/
Haikou (Min Nan) /siɔk̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (13)
Final () (107)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/t͡sɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/t͡siɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/t͡siɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/t͡sɨak̚/
Li
Rong
/t͡siak̚/
Wang
Li
/t͡sĭak̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/t͡si̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jue
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
què
Middle
Chinese
‹ tsjak ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ts]ewk/
English sparrow

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10745
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔsewɢ/

Definitions

  1. sparrow
  2. (Cantonese) bird
    / [Cantonese]   zoek3 dau3 [Jyutping]   bird nest

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 麻雀 (“sparrow”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 麻雀
Taxonomic name 麻雀
Mandarin Beijing 家雀兒, 老家賊, 老家子
Taiwan 麻雀
Tianjin 家雀兒, 老家賊
Harbin 家雀兒, 老家賊, 家賊
Shenyang 家雀兒
Hailar 家雀, 家賊
Ulan Hot 家雀兒, 家賊
Tongliao 家雀兒, 家賊
Chifeng 老家子
Jinan 家雀兒, 家雀子, 家雀
Muping 家雀兒, 雀兒
Luoyang 小蟲兒
Wanrong 飛蟲
Xi'an 雀兒, 麻雀兒
Qingdao 家雀
Zhengzhou 小蟲兒
Xuzhou 小老雀兒, 老雀兒
Yinchuan 麻雀子
Lanzhou 雀兒
Ürümqi 麻雀子, 乾頭麻雀子
Wuhan 麻雀
Huanggang 麻雀兒
Chengdu 麻雀, 家麻雀, 麻雀子
Guiyang 麻雀, 瓦雀
Liuzhou 麻雀, 麻雀鳥
Kunming 小雀, 穀雀
Yangzhou 麻雀子, 麻雀
Nanjing 麻雀
Hefei 麻䨂子, 麻雀子
Nantong 麻雀兒
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 麻雀子
Cantonese Guangzhou 麻雀, 禾花雀
Hong Kong 麻雀
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 麻雀
Foshan 禾雀
Shunde 禾花雀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 禾丫雀
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 禾花雀
Doumen 禾雀
Taishan 禾雀, 麻雀
Kaiping (Chikan) 禾雀
Dongguan 麻雀, 麻鷝 Qishi
Shaoguan 麻雀
Yunfu 麻雀
Yangjiang 麻雀仔
Xinyi 麻雀
Lianjiang 麻雀仔
Kuala Lumpur 麻雀仔
Ho Chi Minh City 麻雀
Gan Nanchang 奸雀子, 奸雀, 麻雀子, 麻雀
Lichuan 禾接
Pingxiang 麻雀, 麻雀鳥仔
Hakka Meixian 禾鷝仔
Xingning 禾鷝哩
Huidong 禾鷝仔
Qujiang 禾鷝子
Xiaosanjiang 禾鷝仔
Changting 禾鷝子
Pingyu 禾鷝子
Wuping 禾鷝子
Liancheng 禾雀鳥
Ninghua 禾鷝子
Yudu 麻鳥子
Ruijin 禾鷝子, 麻鳥子
Shicheng 禾雀, 禾雀子
Shangyou 麻鳥子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 屋檐鳥, 屋角鳥
Liudui (S. Sixian) 禾鷝仔, 屋檐鳥
Hsinchu (Hailu) 屋檐鳥
Dongshi (Dabu) 瓦雀
Hsinchu (Raoping) 屋檐鳥
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 必子鳥, 屋檐鳥, 屋角鳥
Hong Kong 禾鷝仔
Sabah (Longchuan) 麻雀
Senai 麻雀
Huizhou Jixi 麻雀
Shexian 麻雀
Tunxi 麻雀兒
Xiuning 米𪇹兒
Yixian 米雀兒
Qimen 麻雀兒
Wuyuan 童梁, 童梁鳥, 麻雀
Fuliang 麻雀, 麻鳥哩
Dexing 麻雀鳥
Jin Taiyuan 雀兒, 家雀兒, 麻雀
Pingyao 雀兒, 土雀兒, 老家雀
Xinzhou 飛鳥兒, 小雀兒
Hohhot 麻雀, 老家子
Dongsheng 老家子
Linhe 老家子
Min Bei Jian'ou 毛隻仔, 隻仔
Dikou 黃鷝仔
Songxi 雀鳥仔
Zhenghe 隻鳥仔
Zhenqian 雀鳥
Jianyang 隻仔
Wuyishan 禾隻仔
Shibei 禾味仔, 隻仔
Min Dong Fuzhou 隻隻, 隻囝 suburban
Changle 隻隻
Fuqing 隻囝
Yongtai 隻囝
Gutian 隻鳥
Fu'an 王鴓
Ningde 粟鳥
Shouning 鸕鴓
Zhouning 隻囝
Fuding 麻鳥
Matsu 隻隻
Min Nan Xiamen 粟鳥仔
Quanzhou 粟鳥仔
Jinjiang 粟鳥, 雀仔
Hui'an 雀仔
Yongchun 粟鳥
Zhangzhou 粟鳥仔, 厝頭雀仔
Longhai 厝頭雀仔
Changtai 粟鳥仔
Zhangpu 厝頭雀仔
Dongshan 松鳥仔
Taipei 粟鳥仔
Kaohsiung 厝角鳥仔
Tainan 厝角鳥, 厝角鳥仔
Taichung 厝鳥仔
Wuqi 粟鳥仔
Hsinchu 粟鳥仔, 厝鳥仔
Taitung 厝鳥仔
Lukang 粟鳥仔
Sanxia 粟鳥
Yilan 粟鳥仔
Kinmen 杙鳥仔
Magong 厝角鳥, 厝鳥
Penang 粟仔鳥, 麻雀鳥
Singapore 粟鳥仔, 粟鳥, 麻雀
Datian 檐賓仔
Chaozhou 麻雀
Shantou 麻雀
Haifeng 麻雀
Johor Bahru 麻雀
Wenchang 鳥暝
Haikou 鳥暝
Leizhou 鳥暝
Puxian Min Putian 鳥囝
Xianyou 鳥囝
Pinghua Nanning 偷飯雀, 麻鷝雀
Shehua Fuding 麻鳥
Sanming 八哥鳥
Hua'an 麻雀
Jingning 食穀鳥
Chaozhou 麻雀
Fengshun 禾鷝
Wu Shanghai 麻雀, 麻將鳥, 麻將 dated, 麻鳥 dated
Suzhou 麻雀
Wuxi 麻雀, 麻雀子
Hangzhou 麻雀兒, 雀兒
Wenzhou 雀兒, 吃穀雀兒
Chongming 麻將
Danyang 麻雀, 麻雀雀, 麻雀子
Jinhua 麻雀, 麻雀兒
Ningbo 麻將
Xiang Changsha 麻雀子, 麻雀
Shuangfeng 麻賊子
Loudi 麻雀子
Dialectal synonyms of (“bird”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)
Taxonomic name
Mandarin Beijing 鳥兒
Taiwan
Harbin 鳥兒
Jinan , 鳥兒
Wanrong 蟲蟻兒
Xuzhou 鳥兒,
Yinchuan 鳥鳥子
Ürümqi 雀娃子
Wuhan 雀子
Chengdu 雀雀, 雀兒, 鳥兒
Guiyang
Liuzhou 鳥崽
Nanjing
Cantonese Guangzhou 雀仔,
Hong Kong 雀仔,
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 雀仔
Taishan 雀仔,
Dongguan 雀仔, 鷝仔
Gan Lichuan 鳥兒
Pingxiang
Hakka Meixian 鳥仔
Yudu 鳥子,
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 鳥仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 鳥仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 鳥仔
Dongshi (Dabu)
Hsinchu (Raoping) 鳥仔,
Yunlin (Zhao'an)
Hong Kong 鳥仔
Jin Taiyuan 鳥兒
Min Bei Jian'ou 隻仔
Min Dong Fuzhou
Fuqing
Matsu 鳥囝
Min Nan Xiamen 鳥仔, 鳥隻
Quanzhou 鳥仔, 鳥隻
Zhangzhou 鳥仔, 鳥隻
Taipei 鳥仔
Kaohsiung 鳥仔
Tainan 鳥仔
Taichung 鳥仔
Wuqi 鳥仔
Hsinchu 鳥仔
Taitung 鳥仔
Lukang 鳥仔
Yilan 鳥仔
Magong
Penang
Philippines (Manila)
Chaozhou
Shantou
Haikou
Leizhou
Pinghua Nanning
Wu Shanghai
Suzhou
Hangzhou , 鳥兒
Wenzhou
Chongming
Danyang 雀子
Ningbo
Xiang Changsha
Loudi 鳥唧

Compounds


Japanese

Kanji

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. sparrow

Readings

Compounds

Kanji in this term
すずめ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

(hiragana すずめ, katakana スズメ, rōmaji suzume)

  1. a Eurasian tree sparrow
Synonyms

Etymology 2

Shortened from 麻雀

Noun

(katakana ジャン, rōmaji jan)

  1. mahjong[3] (Can we verify(+) this sense?)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. “Kanji Dictionary Publishing Society - Kanji Dictionary for Japanese Learners”, in kanji.org, 2013, retrieved 2018-10-9

Korean

Hanja

(jak) (hangeul , revised jak, McCuneReischauer chak, Yale cak)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

(tước)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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