雁

雁 U+96C1, 雁
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96C1
← 雀
[U+96C0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 雂 →
[U+96C2]

Translingual

Han character

雁 (radical 172, 隹+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一人人土 (MOOG), four-corner 71214, composition ⿸厂倠)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 1364, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41960
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1868, character 22
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4093, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+96C1

Chinese
trad. 雁/鴈
simp. 雁
variant forms 鳫

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (雁) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
雁 *ŋraːns
鳫 *ŋraːns
鴈 *ŋraːns
贗 *ŋraːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋraːns) : phonetic 厂 (OC *hŋaːnʔ, *hŋaːns) + semantic 人 + semantic 隹.

Etymology

Either from 鵝 with nominalizing suffix *-n; or both 鵝 (OC *ŋaːl) and 雁 (OC *ŋraːns) reflect an earlier liquid final *-l or *-r (Schuessler, 2007).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ŋa-n (“goose”), cognate with Tibetan ངང་པ (ngang pa), Burmese ငန်း (ngan:).

On resonants' correspondence among Burmese, Tibetan and Chinese, see Hill (2014).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • 3nge - vernacular;
  • 2i - literary.
Rime
Character 雁
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 刪 (69)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五晏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠanH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚanH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋaɨnH/
Li
Rong		 /ŋanH/
Wang
Li		 /ŋanH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋanH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yàn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 雁
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngænH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.[ŋ]ˁrar-s/
English wild goose

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 雁
Reading # 1/1
No. 14436
Phonetic
component		 雁
Rime
group		 元
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 鴈
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋraːns/
Notes 說文廠聲

Definitions

雁

  1. wild goose (as opposed to a domesticated goose – 鵝／鹅 (é))

Compounds
  • 名標雁塔／名标雁塔
  • 大雁 (dàyàn)
  • 大雁塔
  • 奠雁
  • 孔雁
  • 平沙落雁
  • 指雁為羹／指雁为羹
  • 斷雁孤鴻／断雁孤鸿
  • 木雁
  • 沉魚落雁／沉鱼落雁 (chényúluòyàn)
  • 燕雁代飛／燕雁代飞
  • 白額雁／白额雁
  • 空弦落雁
  • 落雁沉魚／落雁沉鱼
  • 衡陽雁去／衡阳雁去
  • 豆雁
  • 雁來紅／雁来红 (yànláihóng)
  • 雁去魚來／雁去鱼来
  • 雁塔
  • 雁塔題名／雁塔题名
  • 雁奴
  • 雁字
  • 雁帛
  • 雁幣／雁币
  • 雁序
  • 雁形目
  • 雁影分飛／雁影分飞
  • 雁戶／雁户
  • 雁書／雁书
  • 雁杳魚沉／雁杳鱼沉 (yànyǎoyúchén)
  • 雁柱
  • 雁皮
  • 雁翅
  • 雁翎刀 (yànlíngdāo)
  • 雁蕩山／雁荡山 (Yàndàngshān)
  • 雁行
  • 雁行折翼
  • 雁足

Japanese

Kanji
雁

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. wild goose

Readings
  • Go-on: げん (gen)
  • Kan-on: がん (gan)
  • Kun: かり (kari, 雁)

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
雁
がん
Jinmeiyō
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 雁 (ngænH, “wild goose”).

Pronunciation

Alternative forms

Noun

雁 (hiragana がん, rōmaji gan)

  1. wild goose
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 雁首 (かりくび) (karikubi) goose's neck, something resembling a goose's neck; corona (circumference of the base of the glans penis in human males)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
雁
かり
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

Said to be from the cry of a wild goose.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

雁 (hiragana かり, rōmaji kari)

  1. wild goose
  2. cry of a wild goose
Derived terms
Derived terms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

雁 (eumhun 기러기 안 (gireogi an))

  1. wild goose, whose skein flies in wedge or cuneiform, in contrast with 鵝 (거위 아, geowi-a), the domestic goose that would not fly at all.

Compounds
  • 家雁 (가안, ga-an) domestic goose, literally, house goose.

See also

Vietnamese

Han character

雁: Hán Nôm readings: nhạn

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