거칠다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459 as Middle Korean 거출다 (kechulta), from Old Korean 居柒 (*kechil-) (cf. 東萊郡("Dongnae County", lit. east wasteland county) equated with 居柒山郡("Geochilsan County"), and 荒宗("Hwangjong", lit. uncultivated ancestry) another name of 居柒夫("Geochilbu, name of a Silla noble"), from Samguk sagi). [1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key)[kʌ̹t͡ɕʰiɭda̠]
  • Phonetic Hangul[거칠다]
Revised Romanization? geochilda
Revised Romanization (translit.)? geochilda
McCune–Reischauer? kŏch'ilda
Yale Romanization? kechilta

Adjective

거칠다 • (geochilda) (infinitive 거칠어, sequential 거치니)

  1. to be rough or coarse in texture
  2. to be rough or coarse in manner
  3. (of a landscape or seascape) to be wild or desolate

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 거칠다 (geochilda)
Stems
Stem 1 거칠 (geochil)
Stem 2 거칠어 (geochireo)
Stem 3 거치 (geochi)
Conjugation type Consonant-stem, ㄹ(l)-irregular

Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 거칠다
geochilda		 거칠어
geochireo		 거칠어요
geochireoyo		 거칩니다
geochimnida
Past 거칠었다
geochireotda		 거칠었어
geochireosseo		 거칠었어요
geochireosseoyo		 거칠었습니다
geochireotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 거치냐
geochinya		 거칠어
geochireo		 거칠어요
geochireoyo		 거칩니까
geochimnikka
Past 거칠었냐
geochireonnya		 거칠었어
geochireosseo		 거칠었어요
geochireosseoyo		 거칠었습니까
geochireotseumnikka
Assertive 거칠겠다
geochilgetda		거칠겠어
geochilgesseo		거칠겠어요
geochilgesseoyo		거칠겠습니다
geochilgetseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 거칠어
geochireo		거칠어서
geochireoseo		거치니
geochini		거치니까
geochinikka
Contrast 거칠지만
geochiljiman		거친데
geochinde		거칠더니
geochildeoni
Conjunction 거칠고
geochilgo
Condition 거칠면
geochilmyeon		거칠어야
geochireoya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 거칢
geochim		거칠기
geochilgi
Past-tense verbal nouns 거칠었음
geochireosseum		거칠었기
geochireotgi
Determiners Present 거친
geochin
Future 거칠
geochil


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 거치시다
geochisida		 거치셔
geochisyeo		 거치세요, 거치셔요
geochiseyo, geochisyeoyo		 거치십니다
geochisimnida
Past 거치셨다
geochisyeotda		 거치셨어
geochisyeosseo		 거치셨어요
geochisyeosseoyo		 거치셨습니다
geochisyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 거치시냐
geochisinya		 거치셔
geochisyeo		 거치세요, 거치셔요
geochiseyo, geochisyeoyo		 거치십니까
geochisimnikka
Past 거치셨냐
geochisyeonnya		 거치셨어
geochisyeosseo		 거치셨어요
geochisyeosseoyo		 거치셨습니까
geochisyeotseumnikka
Assertive 거치시겠다
geochisigetda		거치시겠어
geochisigesseo		거치시겠어요
geochisigesseoyo		거치시겠습니다
geochisigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 거치셔
geochisyeo		거치셔서
geochisyeoseo		거치시니
geochisini		거치시니까
geochisinikka
Contrast 거치시지만
geochisijiman		거치신데
geochisinde		거치시더니
geochisideoni
Conjunction 거치시고
geochisigo
Condition 거치시면
geochisimyeon		거치셔야
geochisyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 거치심
geochisim		거치시기
geochisigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 거치셨음
geochisyeosseum		거치셨기
geochisyeotgi
Determiners Present 거치신
geochisin
Future 거치실
geochisil

See also
  • 거치다 (geochida, “to pass through”)
  • 거칠하다 (geochilhada, “to be haggard”)

References
  1. “『三国史記』記載の新羅の地名・人名等より見た古代新羅語の考察 (On the Ancient Language of Shiragi as Reflected in Shiragi Place- and Personal Names in The Sangokushiki)”, in 文藝言語研究. 言語篇 5‎, March 1981, page 52-53
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