겨울

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Worin cheongangjigok (月印千江之曲 / 월인천강지곡), 1449, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᆞᆯ (Yale: kyezol). Also attested in the Seonjong yeonggajip eonhae (禪宗永嘉集諺解 / 선종영가집언해), 1456, as Middle Korean 겨ᅀᆞᆶ (Yale: kyezolh)..

Compare dialect forms 겨욹 (kyeoul), 저슭 (jeoseuk), 저싥 (jeosik), 줅 (juk), 겨을 (gyeo-eul), 절 (jeol), 줄기 (julgi), 절기 (jeolgi), 저슬 (jeoseul), 저실 (jeosil), etc.).[1]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key)[kjʌ̹uɭ]
  • Phonetic Hangul[겨울]
Revised Romanization? gyeoul
Revised Romanization (translit.)? gyeoul
McCune–Reischauer? kyŏul
Yale Romanization? kyewul

Noun

겨울 • (gyeoul)

  1. winter

Alternative forms
  • 겨스 (gyeoseu) (obsolete)
  • 겨슬 (gyeoseul) (obsolete, dialectal)
  • 겨올 (gyeool) (obsolete)
  • 겨으 (gyeo-eu) (obsolete)
  • 겨을 (gyeo-eul) (obsolete)
  • 겨욹 (kyeoul) (obsolete)

Derived terms
  • 겨우내 (gyeounae, “all winter long”)
  • 겨우살이 (gyeousari, “preparation for winter months”)
  • 겨울날 (gyeoullal, “winter day”)
  • 겨울새 (gyeoulsae, “winter bird”)
  • 겨울잠 (gyeouljam, “winter sleep, hibernation”)
  • 겨울철 (gyeoulcheol, “winter season”)
  • 겨울털 (gyeoulteol, “winter fur”)

Synonyms
  • (Jeonnam) 시한 (sihan)
  • (Hamgyeong) 동삼 (冬三, dongsam)
  • (Gyeongnam) 삼동 (三冬, samdong)
  • 겨우 (gyeou, “barely, with difficulty”)
  • 결 (gyeol, “wave; annual ring, texture; verge”)
  • 결 (結, gyeol, “forming, binding”)
    • 결빙 (結氷, gyeolbing, “freezing”)
    • 동결 (凍結, donggyeol, “freezing”)

See also
  • 동 (冬, dong) (used in compounds)
Seasons in Korean · 사철 (sacheol), 사계 (sagye, “four seasons”) (layout · text)
봄 (bom, “spring”) 여름 (yeoreum, “summer”) 가을 (ga-eul, “fall; autumn”) 겨울 (gyeoul, “winter”)

References
  1. Rei Fukui (2017-03-28) 小倉進平『朝鮮語方言の研究』所載資料による言語地図とその解釈―第１集‎, 東京大学人文社会系研究科 韓国朝鮮文化研究室, page 13-16
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