반갑다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Gyechuk ilgi (癸丑日記 / 계축일기), c. 1600, as Middle Korean 반갑다 (pankapta). Derived from 반기— (ban-gi-, “to be glad about; to greet/welcome”) + —아— (a-, infinitive suffix) + —ㅂ— (-b-, adjectival suffix) + —다 (da, adjective ending).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key)[pa̠nɡa̠p̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic Hangul[반갑따]
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Adjective
반갑다 • (ban-gapda) (irregular, infinitive 반가워, sequential 반가우니)
- to be glad, happy; pleasant; welcome
- 만나서 반갑습니다.
- Mannaseo ban-gapseumnida.
- Pleased to meet you.
- 만나 뵙게 되어 반갑습니다.
- Manna boepge doeeo ban-gapseumnida.
- Nice to meet you.
- 가: 나, 살 빼기로 결심했어. 나: 듣던 중 반가운 소리군요.
- Ga: na, sal ppaegiro gyeolsimhaesseo. Na: deutdeon jung ban-gaun sorigunyo.
- A: I decided to lose weight. B: That sounds great.
- 나로서는 그가 반갑지 않은 손님이었다.
- Naroseoneun geuga ban-gapji aneun sonnimieotda.
- As far as I am concerned, he was unwelcome.
Conjugation
Selected forms of the adjective 반갑다 (ban-gapda)
| Stems | |
|---|---|
| Stem 1 | 반갑 (ban-gap) |
| Stem 2 | 반가워 (ban-gawo) |
| Stem 3 | 반가우 (ban-gau) |
| Conjugation type | Consonant-stem, ㅂ(b)-irregular |
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 반갑다 ban-gapda |
반가워 ban-gawo |
반가워요 ban-gawoyo |
반갑습니다 ban-gapseumnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 반가웠다 ban-gawotda |
반가웠어 ban-gawosseo |
반가웠어요 ban-gawosseoyo |
반가웠습니다 ban-gawotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 반가우냐 ban-gaunya |
반가워 ban-gawo |
반가워요 ban-gawoyo |
반갑습니까 ban-gapseumnikka |
| Past | 반가웠냐 ban-gawonnya |
반가웠어 ban-gawosseo |
반가웠어요 ban-gawosseoyo |
반가웠습니까 ban-gawotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 반갑겠다 ban-gapgetda | 반갑겠어 ban-gapgesseo | 반갑겠어요 ban-gapgesseoyo | 반갑겠습니다 ban-gapgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 반가워 ban-gawo | 반가워서 ban-gawoseo | 반가우니 ban-gauni | 반가우니까 ban-gaunikka | |
| Contrast | 반갑지만 ban-gapjiman | 반가운데 ban-gaunde | 반갑더니 ban-gapdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 반갑고 ban-gapgo | ||||
| Condition | 반가우면 ban-gaumyeon | 반가워야 ban-gawoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 반가움 ban-gaum | 반갑기 ban-gapgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 반가웠음 ban-gawosseum | 반가웠기 ban-gawotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 반가운 ban-gaun | |||
| Future | 반가울 ban-gaul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 반가우시다 ban-gausida |
반가우셔 ban-gausyeo |
반가우세요, 반가우셔요 ban-gauseyo, ban-gausyeoyo |
반가우십니다 ban-gausimnida |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past | 반가우셨다 ban-gausyeotda |
반가우셨어 ban-gausyeosseo |
반가우셨어요 ban-gausyeosseoyo |
반가우셨습니다 ban-gausyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 반가우시냐 ban-gausinya |
반가우셔 ban-gausyeo |
반가우세요, 반가우셔요 ban-gauseyo, ban-gausyeoyo |
반가우십니까 ban-gausimnikka |
| Past | 반가우셨냐 ban-gausyeonnya |
반가우셨어 ban-gausyeosseo |
반가우셨어요 ban-gausyeosseoyo |
반가우셨습니까 ban-gausyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 반가우시겠다 ban-gausigetda | 반가우시겠어 ban-gausigesseo | 반가우시겠어요 ban-gausigesseoyo | 반가우시겠습니다 ban-gausigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 반가우셔 ban-gausyeo | 반가우셔서 ban-gausyeoseo | 반가우시니 ban-gausini | 반가우시니까 ban-gausinikka | |
| Contrast | 반가우시지만 ban-gausijiman | 반가우신데 ban-gausinde | 반가우시더니 ban-gausideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 반가우시고 ban-gausigo | ||||
| Condition | 반가우시면 ban-gausimyeon | 반가우셔야 ban-gausyeoya | |||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 반가우심 ban-gausim | 반가우시기 ban-gausigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 반가우셨음 ban-gausyeosseum | 반가우셨기 ban-gausyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 반가우신 ban-gausin | |||
| Future | 반가우실 ban-gausil | ||||
Derived terms
- 반가움 (ban-gaum) (noun)
- 반가워하다 (ban-gawohada) (verb)
- 반가이 (ban-gai) (adverb)
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