-еский

Russian

Etymology

From Old Church Slavonic -ьскъ (-ĭskŭ), from Proto-Slavic *-ьskъ. Doublet of -ский (-skij).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ʲɪskʲɪj]

Suffix

-еский (-eskij)

  1. Used to form adjectives from nouns or sometimes other adjectives, often relational (meaning "related to X"); a variant of -ский (-skij): -ian, -ic, -ish
    уча́стник (učástnik, participant) + -еский (-eskij)уча́стнический (učástničeskij, participant (relational))
    комме́рция (kommércija, commerce) + -еский (-eskij)комме́рческий (kommérčeskij, commercial)
    враг (vrag, enemy) + -еский (-eskij)вра́жеский (vrážeskij, enemy, hostile)
    мона́х (monáx, monk) + -еский (-eskij)мона́шеский (monášeskij, monastic)
    това́рищ (továrišč, comrade, friend) + -еский (-eskij)това́рищеский (továriščeskij, friendly)
    князь (knjazʹ, prince; duke) + -еский (-eskij)кня́жеский (knjážeskij, princely, prince's; duke's)

Usage notes

  • Usually occurs after stems historically ending in velar consonants (synchronically in /к/, /г/, /х/, /ц/, /з/). Triggers the first Slavic palatalisation.
  • The adverb is -ески (-eski).
  • The longer suffixes -ческий (-českij) and -и́ческий (-íčeskij) were generalized through rebracketing of nouns with roots ending in к and ик respectively.

Declension

Derived terms

<a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Russian_words_suffixed_with_-%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9' title='Category:Russian words suffixed with -еский'>Russian words suffixed with -еский</a>
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