-tella
Finnish
Etymology
-ttaa + -ella; the first suffix was adapted by analogy from the causative meaning, taking to "to refer to as" as well as probably later "to act like", while the -ella is a frequentative suffix. The analogy may have also taken place only after the use of -tella in its literal (causative-frequentative) sense for some verbs.
Suffix
-tella (front vowel harmony variant -tellä)
- Forms verbs for calling someone by a name or a label.
- neiti (“miss”) > neiditellä (“to call someone "miss"”)
- Forms verbs that describe act of pretending to be something.
- hurskas (“pious”) > hurskastella (“to be hypocritical”)
Conjugation
| Inflection of -tella (Kotus type 67/tulla, no gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | -telen | en -tele | 1st sing. | olen -tellut | en ole -tellut | |
| 2nd sing. | -telet | et -tele | 2nd sing. | olet -tellut | et ole -tellut | |
| 3rd sing. | -telee | ei -tele | 3rd sing. | on -tellut | ei ole -tellut | |
| 1st plur. | -telemme | emme -tele | 1st plur. | olemme -telleet | emme ole -telleet | |
| 2nd plur. | -telette | ette -tele | 2nd plur. | olette -telleet | ette ole -telleet | |
| 3rd plur. | -televat | eivät -tele | 3rd plur. | ovat -telleet | eivät ole -telleet | |
| passive | -tellaan | ei -tella | passive | on -teltu | ei ole -teltu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | -telin | en -tellut | 1st sing. | olin -tellut | en ollut -tellut | |
| 2nd sing. | -telit | et -tellut | 2nd sing. | olit -tellut | et ollut -tellut | |
| 3rd sing. | -teli | ei -tellut | 3rd sing. | oli -tellut | ei ollut -tellut | |
| 1st plur. | -telimme | emme -telleet | 1st plur. | olimme -telleet | emme olleet -telleet | |
| 2nd plur. | -telitte | ette -telleet | 2nd plur. | olitte -telleet | ette olleet -telleet | |
| 3rd plur. | -telivat | eivät -telleet | 3rd plur. | olivat -telleet | eivät olleet -telleet | |
| passive | -teltiin | ei -teltu | passive | oli -teltu | ei ollut -teltu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | -telisin | en -telisi | 1st sing. | olisin -tellut | en olisi -tellut | |
| 2nd sing. | -telisit | et -telisi | 2nd sing. | olisit -tellut | et olisi -tellut | |
| 3rd sing. | -telisi | ei -telisi | 3rd sing. | olisi -tellut | ei olisi -tellut | |
| 1st plur. | -telisimme | emme -telisi | 1st plur. | olisimme -telleet | emme olisi -telleet | |
| 2nd plur. | -telisitte | ette -telisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte -telleet | ette olisi -telleet | |
| 3rd plur. | -telisivat | eivät -telisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat -telleet | eivät olisi -telleet | |
| passive | -teltaisiin | ei -teltaisi | passive | olisi -teltu | ei olisi -teltu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | -tele | älä -tele | 2nd sing. | ole -tellut | älä ole -tellut | |
| 3rd sing. | -telkoon | älköön -telko | 3rd sing. | olkoon -tellut | älköön olko -tellut | |
| 1st plur. | -telkaamme | älkäämme -telko | 1st plur. | olkaamme -telleet | älkäämme olko -telleet | |
| 2nd plur. | -telkaa | älkää -telko | 2nd plur. | olkaa -telleet | älkää olko -telleet | |
| 3rd plur. | -telkoot | älkööt -telko | 3rd plur. | olkoot -telleet | älkööt olko -telleet | |
| passive | -teltakoon | älköön -teltako | passive | olkoon -teltu | älköön olko -teltu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | -tellen | en -telle | 1st sing. | lienen -tellut | en liene -tellut | |
| 2nd sing. | -tellet | et -telle | 2nd sing. | lienet -tellut | et liene -tellut | |
| 3rd sing. | -tellee | ei -telle | 3rd sing. | lienee -tellut | ei liene -tellut | |
| 1st plur. | -tellemme | emme -telle | 1st plur. | lienemme -telleet | emme liene -telleet | |
| 2nd plur. | -tellette | ette -telle | 2nd plur. | lienette -telleet | ette liene -telleet | |
| 3rd plur. | -tellevat | eivät -telle | 3rd plur. | lienevät -telleet | eivät liene -telleet | |
| passive | -teltaneen | ei -teltane | passive | lienee -teltu | ei liene -teltu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | -tella | present | -televa | -teltava | ||
| long 1st2 | -tellakseen | past | -tellut | -teltu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | -tellessa | -teltaessa | agent1, 3 | -telema | |
| instructive | -tellen | — | negative | -telematon | ||
| 3rd | inessive | -telemassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | -telemasta | — | ||||
| illative | -telemaan | — | ||||
| adessive | -telemalla | — | ||||
| abessive | -telematta | — | ||||
| instructive | -teleman | -teltaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | -teleminen | ||||
| partitive | -telemista | |||||
| 5th2 | -telemaisillaan | |||||
Usage notes
Often added to the plural stem of the base noun.
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